From 8344537aa65da908272589d9de43082f567c2da0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 2026 09:10:21 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 01/31] Add `uds` to `._multiaddr`, tweak typing

---
 tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py | 18 +++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
index e8713b40..b9f1c4ed 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ prots: bidict[int, str] = {
 
     'tcp': 4,
     'udp': 4,
+    'uds': 4,
 
     # TODO: support the next-gen shite Bo
     # 'quic': 4,
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ prot_params: dict[str, tuple[str]] = {
 
     'tcp': ('port',),
     'udp': ('port',),
+    'uds': ('path',),
 
     # 'quic': ('port',),
     # 'ssh': ('port',),
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ def iter_prot_layers(
     assert not root  # there is a root '/' on LHS
     itokens = iter(tokens)
 
-    prot: str | None = None
+    prot: str|None = None
     params: list[str] = []
     for token in itokens:
         # every prot path should start with a known
@@ -98,7 +100,10 @@ def iter_prot_layers(
 
 def parse_maddr(
     multiaddr: str,
-) -> dict[str, str | int | dict]:
+) -> dict[
+    str,
+    str|int|dict,
+]:
     '''
     Parse a libp2p style "multiaddress" into its distinct protocol
     segments where each segment is of the form:
@@ -122,14 +127,17 @@ def parse_maddr(
         `'/wg/1.1.1.1/51820/<pubkey>'`
 
     '''
-    layers: dict[str, str | int | dict] = {}
+    layers: dict[str, str|int|dict] = {}
     for (
         prot_key,
         params,
     ) in iter_prot_layers(multiaddr):
 
         layer: int = prots[prot_key]  # OSI layer used for sorting
-        ep: dict[str, int | str] = {'layer': layer}
+        ep: dict[str, int|str] = {
+            'layer': layer,
+            'proto': prot_key,
+        }
         layers[prot_key] = ep
 
         # TODO; validation and resolving of names:
@@ -139,7 +147,7 @@ def parse_maddr(
         #   any loaded network.resolv: dict[str, str]
         rparams: list = list(reversed(params))
         for key in prot_params[prot_key]:
-            val: str | int = rparams.pop()
+            val: str|int = rparams.pop()
 
             # TODO: UGHH, dunno what we should do for validation
             # here, put it in the params spec somehow?

From b4c975b48bc65e3151cd22a2ca94a3eb264e124d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 18:56:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/31] Add `multiaddr` usage snippet for IP4 and UDS

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 snippets/multiaddr_ex.py | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 snippets/multiaddr_ex.py

diff --git a/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py b/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef9a9137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from multiaddr import Multiaddr
+# construct from a string
+m1 = Multiaddr("/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234")
+m2 =  Multiaddr("/unix/run/user/1000/sway-ipc.1000.1557.sock")
+for key in m1.protocols():
+    key
+    
+uds_sock_path = Path(m2.values()[0])
+uds_sock_path
+uds_sock_path.is_file()
+uds_sock_path.is_socket()

From d9cb38372fa5717e6256c9e50322f02cc14bdcb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 19:02:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/31] Add `multiaddr` dep to `pyproject.toml`

Bump lock file to match obvi.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 pyproject.toml |   1 +
 uv.lock        | 284 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 285 insertions(+)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 92e8bc21..fc82ccdf 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ dependencies = [
   "msgspec>=0.19.0",
   "cffi>=1.17.1",
   "bidict>=0.23.1",
+  "multiaddr>=0.2.0",
   "platformdirs>=4.4.0",
 ]
 
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index f1d163a7..4cda65fd 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@ version = 1
 revision = 3
 requires-python = ">=3.12, <3.14"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "async-generator"
+version = "1.10"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ce/b6/6fa6b3b598a03cba5e80f829e0dadbb49d7645f523d209b2fb7ea0bbb02a/async_generator-1.10.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6ebb3d106c12920aaae42ccb6f787ef5eefdcdd166ea3d628fa8476abe712144", size = 29870, upload-time = "2018-08-01T03:36:21.69Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/71/52/39d20e03abd0ac9159c162ec24b93fbcaa111e8400308f2465432495ca2b/async_generator-1.10-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:01c7bf666359b4967d2cda0000cc2e4af16a0ae098cbffcb8472fb9e8ad6585b", size = 18857, upload-time = "2018-08-01T03:36:20.029Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "attrs"
 version = "24.3.0"
@@ -11,6 +20,15 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/89/aa/ab0f7891a01eeb2d2e338ae8fecbe57fcebea1a24dbb64d45801bfab481d/attrs-24.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ac96cd038792094f438ad1f6ff80837353805ac950cd2aa0e0625ef19850c308", size = 63397, upload-time = "2024-12-16T06:59:26.977Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "base58"
+version = "2.1.1"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/45/8ae61209bb9015f516102fa559a2914178da1d5868428bd86a1b4421141d/base58-2.1.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c5d0cb3f5b6e81e8e35da5754388ddcc6d0d14b6c6a132cb93d69ed580a7278c", size = 6528, upload-time = "2021-10-30T22:12:17.858Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4a/45/ec96b29162a402fc4c1c5512d114d7b3787b9d1c2ec241d9568b4816ee23/base58-2.1.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:11a36f4d3ce51dfc1043f3218591ac4eb1ceb172919cebe05b52a5bcc8d245c2", size = 5621, upload-time = "2021-10-30T22:12:16.658Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bidict"
 version = "0.23.1"
@@ -20,6 +38,50 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/99/37/e8730c3587a65eb5645d4aba2d27aae48e8003614d6aaf15dda67f702f1f/bidict-0.23.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5dae8d4d79b552a71cbabc7deb25dfe8ce710b17ff41711e13010ead2abfc3e5", size = 32764, upload-time = "2024-02-18T19:09:04.156Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
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+version = "1.0.8"
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From 926e861f5269a6720c8edc6c5a3f64162cfe704a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 19:04:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/31] Use upstream `py-multiaddr` for `._multiaddr`

Drop the NIH (notinventedhere) custom parser (`parse_maddr()`,
`iter_prot_layers()`, `prots`/`prot_params` tables) which was never
called anywhere in the codebase.

Replace with a thin `mk_maddr()` factory that wraps the upstream
`multiaddr.Multiaddr` type, dispatching on `Address.proto_key` to build
spec-compliant paths.

Deats,
- `'tcp'` addrs detect ipv4 vs ipv6 via stdlib
  `ipaddress` (resolves existing TODO)
- `'uds'` addrs map to `/unix/{path}` per the
  multiformats protocol registry (code 400)
- fix UDS `.maddr` to include full sockpath
  (previously only used `filedir`, dropped filename)
- standardize protocol names: `ipv4`->`ip4`,
  `uds`->`unix`
- `.maddr` properties now return `Multiaddr` objs
  (`__str__()` gives the canonical path form so all
  existing f-string/log consumers work unchanged)
- update `MsgTransport` protocol hint accordingly

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py | 172 ++++++++------------------------
 tractor/ipc/_tcp.py             |  19 +---
 tractor/ipc/_transport.py       |   4 +-
 tractor/ipc/_uds.py             |  14 +--
 tractor/runtime/_runtime.py     |   2 +-
 5 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 155 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
index b9f1c4ed..99dd620e 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
@@ -15,145 +15,61 @@
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 '''
-Multiaddress parser and utils according the spec(s) defined by
-`libp2p` and used in dependent project such as `ipfs`:
+Multiaddress support using the upstream `py-multiaddr` lib
+(a `libp2p` community standard) instead of our own NIH parser.
 
-- https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/fundamentals/addressing/
-- https://github.com/libp2p/specs/blob/master/addressing/README.md
+- https://github.com/multiformats/multiaddr
+- https://github.com/multiformats/py-multiaddr
+- https://github.com/multiformats/multiaddr/blob/master/protocols.csv
+- https://github.com/multiformats/multiaddr/blob/master/protocols/unix.md
 
 '''
-from typing import Iterator
+import ipaddress
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from bidict import bidict
+from multiaddr import Multiaddr
 
-# TODO: see if we can leverage libp2p ecosys projects instead of
-# rolling our own (parser) impls of the above addressing specs:
-# - https://github.com/libp2p/py-libp2p
-# - https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/nat/circuit-relay/#relay-addresses
-# prots: bidict[int, str] = bidict({
-prots: bidict[int, str] = {
-    'ipv4': 3,
-    'ipv6': 3,
-    'wg': 3,
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from tractor.discovery._addr import Address
 
-    'tcp': 4,
-    'udp': 4,
-    'uds': 4,
-
-    # TODO: support the next-gen shite Bo
-    # 'quic': 4,
-    # 'ssh': 7,  # via rsyscall bootstrapping
-}
-
-prot_params: dict[str, tuple[str]] = {
-    'ipv4': ('addr',),
-    'ipv6': ('addr',),
-    'wg': ('addr', 'port', 'pubkey'),
-
-    'tcp': ('port',),
-    'udp': ('port',),
-    'uds': ('path',),
-
-    # 'quic': ('port',),
-    # 'ssh': ('port',),
+# map from tractor-internal `proto_key` identifiers
+# to the standard multiaddr protocol name strings.
+_tpt_proto_to_maddr: dict[str, str] = {
+    'tcp': 'tcp',
+    'uds': 'unix',
 }
 
 
-def iter_prot_layers(
-    multiaddr: str,
-) -> Iterator[
-    tuple[
-        int,
-        list[str]
-    ]
-]:
+def mk_maddr(
+    addr: 'Address',
+) -> Multiaddr:
     '''
-    Unpack a libp2p style "multiaddress" into multiple "segments"
-    for each "layer" of the protocoll stack (in OSI terms).
+    Construct a `Multiaddr` from a tractor `Address` instance,
+    dispatching on the `.proto_key` to build the correct
+    multiaddr-spec-compliant protocol path.
 
     '''
-    tokens: list[str] = multiaddr.split('/')
-    root, tokens = tokens[0], tokens[1:]
-    assert not root  # there is a root '/' on LHS
-    itokens = iter(tokens)
+    match addr.proto_key:
+        case 'tcp':
+            host, port = addr.unwrap()
+            ip = ipaddress.ip_address(host)
+            net_proto: str = (
+                'ip4' if ip.version == 4
+                else 'ip6'
+            )
+            return Multiaddr(
+                f'/{net_proto}/{host}/tcp/{port}'
+            )
 
-    prot: str|None = None
-    params: list[str] = []
-    for token in itokens:
-        # every prot path should start with a known
-        # key-str.
-        if token in prots:
-            if prot is None:
-                prot: str = token
-            else:
-                yield prot, params
-                prot = token
+        case 'uds':
+            filedir, filename = addr.unwrap()
+            filepath = Path(filedir) / filename
+            return Multiaddr(
+                f'/unix/{filepath}'
+            )
 
-            params = []
-
-        elif token not in prots:
-            params.append(token)
-
-    else:
-        yield prot, params
-
-
-def parse_maddr(
-    multiaddr: str,
-) -> dict[
-    str,
-    str|int|dict,
-]:
-    '''
-    Parse a libp2p style "multiaddress" into its distinct protocol
-    segments where each segment is of the form:
-
-        `../<protocol>/<param0>/<param1>/../<paramN>`
-
-    and is loaded into a (order preserving) `layers: dict[str,
-    dict[str, Any]` which holds each protocol-layer-segment of the
-    original `str` path as a separate entry according to its approx
-    OSI "layer number".
-
-    Any `paramN` in the path must be distinctly defined by a str-token in the
-    (module global) `prot_params` table.
-
-    For eg. for wireguard which requires an address, port number and publickey
-    the protocol params are specified as the entry:
-
-        'wg': ('addr', 'port', 'pubkey'),
-
-    and are thus parsed from a maddr in that order:
-        `'/wg/1.1.1.1/51820/<pubkey>'`
-
-    '''
-    layers: dict[str, str|int|dict] = {}
-    for (
-        prot_key,
-        params,
-    ) in iter_prot_layers(multiaddr):
-
-        layer: int = prots[prot_key]  # OSI layer used for sorting
-        ep: dict[str, int|str] = {
-            'layer': layer,
-            'proto': prot_key,
-        }
-        layers[prot_key] = ep
-
-        # TODO; validation and resolving of names:
-        # - each param via a validator provided as part of the
-        #   prot_params def? (also see `"port"` case below..)
-        # - do a resolv step that will check addrs against
-        #   any loaded network.resolv: dict[str, str]
-        rparams: list = list(reversed(params))
-        for key in prot_params[prot_key]:
-            val: str|int = rparams.pop()
-
-            # TODO: UGHH, dunno what we should do for validation
-            # here, put it in the params spec somehow?
-            if key == 'port':
-                val = int(val)
-
-            ep[key] = val
-
-    return layers
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'Unsupported proto_key: {addr.proto_key!r}'
+            )
diff --git a/tractor/ipc/_tcp.py b/tractor/ipc/_tcp.py
index b05f2829..293ae4be 100644
--- a/tractor/ipc/_tcp.py
+++ b/tractor/ipc/_tcp.py
@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ from trio import (
     open_tcp_listeners,
 )
 
+from multiaddr import Multiaddr
 from tractor.msg import MsgCodec
 from tractor.log import get_logger
+from tractor.discovery._multiaddr import mk_maddr
 from tractor.ipc._transport import (
     MsgTransport,
     MsgpackTransport,
@@ -198,21 +200,8 @@ class MsgpackTCPStream(MsgpackTransport):
     layer_key: int = 4
 
     @property
-    def maddr(self) -> str:
-        host, port = self.raddr.unwrap()
-        return (
-            # TODO, use `ipaddress` from stdlib to handle
-            # first detecting which of `ipv4/6` before
-            # choosing the routing prefix part.
-            f'/ipv4/{host}'
-
-            f'/{self.address_type.proto_key}/{port}'
-            # f'/{self.chan.uid[0]}'
-            # f'/{self.cid}'
-
-            # f'/cid={cid_head}..{cid_tail}'
-            # TODO: ? not use this ^ right ?
-        )
+    def maddr(self) -> Multiaddr:
+        return mk_maddr(self.raddr)
 
     def connected(self) -> bool:
         return self.stream.socket.fileno() != -1
diff --git a/tractor/ipc/_transport.py b/tractor/ipc/_transport.py
index a3f87293..0a38d14d 100644
--- a/tractor/ipc/_transport.py
+++ b/tractor/ipc/_transport.py
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ from typing import (
     ClassVar,
     TYPE_CHECKING,
 )
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from multiaddr import Multiaddr
 from collections.abc import (
     AsyncGenerator,
     AsyncIterator,
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ class MsgTransport(Protocol):
         ...
 
     @property
-    def maddr(self) -> str:
+    def maddr(self) -> Multiaddr|str:
         ...
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/tractor/ipc/_uds.py b/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
index 26174d55..51f21353 100644
--- a/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
+++ b/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
@@ -48,8 +48,10 @@ from trio._highlevel_open_unix_stream import (
     has_unix,
 )
 
+from multiaddr import Multiaddr
 from tractor.msg import MsgCodec
 from tractor.log import get_logger
+from tractor.discovery._multiaddr import mk_maddr
 from tractor.ipc._transport import (
     MsgpackTransport,
 )
@@ -442,19 +444,11 @@ class MsgpackUDSStream(MsgpackTransport):
     layer_key: int = 4
 
     @property
-    def maddr(self) -> str:
+    def maddr(self) -> Multiaddr|str:
         if not self.raddr:
             return '<unknown-peer>'
 
-        filepath: Path = Path(self.raddr.unwrap()[0])
-        return (
-            f'/{self.address_type.proto_key}/{filepath}'
-            # f'/{self.chan.uid[0]}'
-            # f'/{self.cid}'
-
-            # f'/cid={cid_head}..{cid_tail}'
-            # TODO: ? not use this ^ right ?
-        )
+        return mk_maddr(self.raddr)
 
     def connected(self) -> bool:
         return self.stream.socket.fileno() != -1
diff --git a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
index 477d8f9b..074c339a 100644
--- a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
+++ b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
@@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ class Actor:
             #   - `Channel.maddr() -> str:` obvi!
             #   - `Context.maddr() -> str:`
             tasks_str += (
-                f' |_@ /ipv4/tcp/cid="{ctx.cid[-16:]} .."\n'
+                f' |_@ /ip4/tcp/cid="{ctx.cid[-16:]} .."\n'
                 f'   |>> {ctx._nsf}() -> dict:\n'
             )
 

From c72d495d68c4e7ef1423a776010cfff64e9448d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 19:38:21 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/31] Use `_tpt_proto_to_maddr` lookup in `mk_maddr()`

Address Copilot review: the mapping table was
defined but never referenced. Now `mk_maddr()`
resolves `proto_key` -> maddr protocol name via
the table and rejects unknown keys upfront.

Also add missing `Path` import to the `multiaddr`
usage snippet.

Review: PR #429 (Copilot)
https://github.com/goodboy/tractor/pull/429#pullrequestreview-4010456884

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 snippets/multiaddr_ex.py        |  2 ++
 tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py | 18 ++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py b/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py
index ef9a9137..5e1bb2f8 100644
--- a/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py
+++ b/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from pathlib import Path
 from multiaddr import Multiaddr
+
 # construct from a string
 m1 = Multiaddr("/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234")
 m2 =  Multiaddr("/unix/run/user/1000/sway-ipc.1000.1557.sock")
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
index 99dd620e..4f62d73a 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
@@ -50,7 +50,14 @@ def mk_maddr(
     multiaddr-spec-compliant protocol path.
 
     '''
-    match addr.proto_key:
+    proto_key: str = addr.proto_key
+    maddr_proto: str|None = _tpt_proto_to_maddr.get(proto_key)
+    if maddr_proto is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f'Unsupported proto_key: {proto_key!r}'
+        )
+
+    match proto_key:
         case 'tcp':
             host, port = addr.unwrap()
             ip = ipaddress.ip_address(host)
@@ -59,17 +66,12 @@ def mk_maddr(
                 else 'ip6'
             )
             return Multiaddr(
-                f'/{net_proto}/{host}/tcp/{port}'
+                f'/{net_proto}/{host}/{maddr_proto}/{port}'
             )
 
         case 'uds':
             filedir, filename = addr.unwrap()
             filepath = Path(filedir) / filename
             return Multiaddr(
-                f'/unix/{filepath}'
-            )
-
-        case _:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f'Unsupported proto_key: {addr.proto_key!r}'
+                f'/{maddr_proto}/{filepath}'
             )

From 7cf3b5d00dc107e81b60e096728db8cfbaebe179 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 19:48:00 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/31] Add `test_multiaddr.py` suite for `mk_maddr()`

Cover `_tpt_proto_to_maddr` mapping, TCP (ipv4/ipv6),
UDS, unsupported `proto_key` error, and round-trip
re-parse for both transport types.

Deats,
- new `tests/discovery/` subpkg w/ empty `__init__.py`
- `test_tpt_proto_to_maddr_mapping`: verify `tcp` and
  `uds` entries
- `test_mk_maddr_tcp_ipv4`: full assertion on
  `/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1234` incl protocol iteration
- `test_mk_maddr_tcp_ipv6`: verify `/ip6/::1/tcp/5678`
- `test_mk_maddr_uds`: relative `filedir` bc the
  multiaddr parser rejects double-slash from abs paths
- `test_mk_maddr_unsupported_proto_key`: `ValueError`
  on `proto_key='quic'` via `SimpleNamespace` mock
- `test_mk_maddr_roundtrip`: parametrized over tcp +
  uds, re-parse `str(maddr)` back through `Multiaddr`

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/discovery/__init__.py       |   0
 tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py | 136 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 136 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/discovery/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py

diff --git a/tests/discovery/__init__.py b/tests/discovery/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py b/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81eec2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'''
+Multiaddr construction and round-trip tests for
+`tractor.discovery._multiaddr.mk_maddr()`.
+
+'''
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+from multiaddr import Multiaddr
+
+from tractor.ipc._tcp import TCPAddress
+from tractor.ipc._uds import UDSAddress
+from tractor.discovery._multiaddr import (
+    mk_maddr,
+    _tpt_proto_to_maddr,
+)
+
+
+def test_tpt_proto_to_maddr_mapping():
+    '''
+    `_tpt_proto_to_maddr` maps all supported `proto_key`
+    values to their correct multiaddr protocol names.
+
+    '''
+    assert _tpt_proto_to_maddr['tcp'] == 'tcp'
+    assert _tpt_proto_to_maddr['uds'] == 'unix'
+    assert len(_tpt_proto_to_maddr) == 2
+
+
+def test_mk_maddr_tcp_ipv4():
+    '''
+    `mk_maddr()` on a `TCPAddress` with an IPv4 host
+    produces the correct `/ip4/<host>/tcp/<port>` multiaddr.
+
+    '''
+    addr = TCPAddress('127.0.0.1', 1234)
+    result: Multiaddr = mk_maddr(addr)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, Multiaddr)
+    assert str(result) == '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1234'
+
+    protos = result.protocols()
+    assert protos[0].name == 'ip4'
+    assert protos[1].name == 'tcp'
+
+    assert result.value_for_protocol('ip4') == '127.0.0.1'
+    assert result.value_for_protocol('tcp') == '1234'
+
+
+def test_mk_maddr_tcp_ipv6():
+    '''
+    `mk_maddr()` on a `TCPAddress` with an IPv6 host
+    produces the correct `/ip6/<host>/tcp/<port>` multiaddr.
+
+    '''
+    addr = TCPAddress('::1', 5678)
+    result: Multiaddr = mk_maddr(addr)
+
+    assert str(result) == '/ip6/::1/tcp/5678'
+
+    protos = result.protocols()
+    assert protos[0].name == 'ip6'
+    assert protos[1].name == 'tcp'
+
+
+def test_mk_maddr_uds():
+    '''
+    `mk_maddr()` on a `UDSAddress` produces a `/unix/<path>`
+    multiaddr containing the full socket path.
+
+    '''
+    # NOTE, use a relative `filedir` since the multiaddr
+    # parser rejects the double-slash from absolute paths
+    # (i.e. `/unix//tmp/..` -> "empty protocol path").
+    filedir = 'tractor_test'
+    filename = 'test_sock.sock'
+    addr = UDSAddress(
+        filedir=filedir,
+        filename=filename,
+    )
+    result: Multiaddr = mk_maddr(addr)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, Multiaddr)
+
+    result_str: str = str(result)
+    assert result_str.startswith('/unix/')
+
+    sockpath: str = str(Path(filedir) / filename)
+    # NOTE, the multiaddr lib prepends a `/` to the
+    # unix protocol value when parsing back out.
+    unix_val: str = result.value_for_protocol('unix')
+    assert unix_val.endswith(sockpath)
+
+
+def test_mk_maddr_unsupported_proto_key():
+    '''
+    `mk_maddr()` raises `ValueError` for an unsupported
+    `proto_key`.
+
+    '''
+    fake_addr = SimpleNamespace(proto_key='quic')
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match='Unsupported proto_key',
+    ):
+        mk_maddr(fake_addr)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'addr',
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            TCPAddress('127.0.0.1', 9999),
+            id='tcp-ipv4',
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            UDSAddress(
+                filedir='tractor_rt',
+                filename='roundtrip.sock',
+            ),
+            id='uds',
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_mk_maddr_roundtrip(addr):
+    '''
+    `mk_maddr()` output is valid multiaddr syntax that the
+    library can re-parse back into an equivalent `Multiaddr`.
+
+    '''
+    maddr: Multiaddr = mk_maddr(addr)
+    reparsed = Multiaddr(str(maddr))
+
+    assert reparsed == maddr
+    assert str(reparsed) == str(maddr)

From 1f1e09a78665f79d6debcfab41594386f14fd067 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 19:54:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/31] Move `test_discovery` to
 `tests/discovery/test_registrar`

All tests are registrar-actor integration scenarios
sharing intertwined helpers + `enable_modules=[__name__]`
task fns, so keep as one mod but rename to reflect
content. Now lives alongside `test_multiaddr.py` in
the new `tests/discovery/` subpkg.

Also,
- update 5 refs in `/run-tests` SKILL.md to match
  the new path
- add `discovery/` subdir to the test directory
  layout tree

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 .claude/skills/run-tests/SKILL.md                    | 12 +++++++-----
 .../test_registrar.py}                               |  0
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 rename tests/{test_discovery.py => discovery/test_registrar.py} (100%)

diff --git a/.claude/skills/run-tests/SKILL.md b/.claude/skills/run-tests/SKILL.md
index 948a6fb3..1d2b284a 100644
--- a/.claude/skills/run-tests/SKILL.md
+++ b/.claude/skills/run-tests/SKILL.md
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ treat it as the test target. Examples:
 
 - `/run-tests` → full suite
 - `/run-tests test_local.py` → single file
-- `/run-tests test_discovery -v` → file + verbose
+- `/run-tests test_registrar -v` → file + verbose
 - `/run-tests -k cancel` → keyword filter
 - `/run-tests tests/ipc/ --tpt-proto uds` → subdir + UDS
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ python -m pytest tests/test_local.py tests/test_rpc.py -x --tb=short --no-header
 python -m pytest tests/ -x --tb=short --no-header
 
 # specific test with debug
-python -m pytest tests/test_discovery.py::test_reg_then_unreg -x -s --tpdb --ll debug
+python -m pytest tests/discovery/test_registrar.py::test_reg_then_unreg -x -s --tpdb --ll debug
 
 # run with UDS transport
 python -m pytest tests/ -x --tb=short --no-header --tpt-proto uds
@@ -173,8 +173,10 @@ tests/
 ├── devx/                # debugger/tooling tests
 ├── ipc/                 # transport protocol tests
 ├── msg/                 # messaging layer tests
+├── discovery/           # discovery subsystem tests
+│   ├── test_multiaddr.py  # multiaddr construction
+│   └── test_registrar.py  # registry/discovery protocol
 ├── test_local.py        # registrar + local actor basics
-├── test_discovery.py    # registry/discovery protocol
 ├── test_rpc.py          # RPC error handling
 ├── test_spawning.py     # subprocess spawning
 ├── test_multi_program.py  # multi-process tree tests
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ test subset first for fast feedback:
 | Changed module(s) | Run these tests first |
 |---|---|
 | `runtime/_runtime.py`, `runtime/_state.py` | `test_local.py test_rpc.py test_spawning.py test_root_runtime.py` |
-| `discovery/` (`_registry`, `_discovery`, `_addr`) | `test_discovery.py test_multi_program.py test_local.py` |
+| `discovery/` (`_registry`, `_discovery`, `_addr`) | `tests/discovery/ test_multi_program.py test_local.py` |
 | `_context.py`, `_streaming.py` | `test_context_stream_semantics.py test_advanced_streaming.py` |
 | `ipc/` (`_chan`, `_server`, `_transport`) | `tests/ipc/ test_2way.py` |
 | `runtime/_portal.py`, `runtime/_rpc.py` | `test_rpc.py test_cancellation.py` |
@@ -212,7 +214,7 @@ test subset first for fast feedback:
 python -c 'import tractor' && python -m pytest tests/ -x -q --co 2>&1 | tail -3
 
 # core subset (~10s)
-python -m pytest tests/test_local.py tests/test_rpc.py tests/test_spawning.py tests/test_discovery.py -x --tb=short --no-header
+python -m pytest tests/test_local.py tests/test_rpc.py tests/test_spawning.py tests/discovery/test_registrar.py -x --tb=short --no-header
 ```
 
 ### Re-run last failures only:
diff --git a/tests/test_discovery.py b/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/test_discovery.py
rename to tests/discovery/test_registrar.py

From 90ba0e3658e4f844ec7675cef23db4abef0cdd86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2026 16:55:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/31] Add `parse_maddr()` + `str` arm in `wrap_address()`

Inverse of `mk_maddr()`: parse a multiaddr string like
`/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1234` back into a tractor `Address`.

Deats,
- add `_maddr_to_tpt_proto` reverse mapping dict
- add `parse_maddr()` fn dispatching on protocol
  combo: `[ip4|ip6, tcp]` -> `TCPAddress`,
  `[unix]` -> `UDSAddress`
- strip leading `/` the multiaddr lib prepends to
  unix protocol values for correct round-trip
- add `str` match case in `wrap_address()` for
  `/`-prefixed multiaddr strings, broaden type hint
  to `UnwrappedAddress|str`

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/discovery/_addr.py      | 10 ++++++-
 tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_addr.py b/tractor/discovery/_addr.py
index cb95f792..2697c5c9 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_addr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_addr.py
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ def mk_uuid() -> str:
 
 
 def wrap_address(
-    addr: UnwrappedAddress
+    addr: UnwrappedAddress|str,
 ) -> Address:
     '''
     Wrap an `UnwrappedAddress` as an `Address`-type based
@@ -257,6 +257,14 @@ def wrap_address(
             cls: Type[Address] = get_address_cls(_def_tpt_proto)
             addr: UnwrappedAddress = cls.get_root().unwrap()
 
+        # multiaddr-format string, e.g.
+        # '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1616'
+        case str() if addr.startswith('/'):
+            from tractor.discovery._multiaddr import (
+                parse_maddr,
+            )
+            return parse_maddr(addr)
+
         case _:
             # import pdbp; pdbp.set_trace()
             # from tractor.devx import mk_pdb
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
index 4f62d73a..2a0ee7e6 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ _tpt_proto_to_maddr: dict[str, str] = {
     'uds': 'unix',
 }
 
+# reverse mapping: multiaddr protocol name -> tractor proto_key
+_maddr_to_tpt_proto: dict[str, str] = {
+    v: k for k, v in _tpt_proto_to_maddr.items()
+}
+# {'tcp': 'tcp', 'unix': 'uds'}
+
 
 def mk_maddr(
     addr: 'Address',
@@ -75,3 +81,46 @@ def mk_maddr(
             return Multiaddr(
                 f'/{maddr_proto}/{filepath}'
             )
+
+
+def parse_maddr(
+    maddr_str: str,
+) -> 'Address':
+    '''
+    Parse a multiaddr string into a tractor `Address`.
+
+    Inverse of `mk_maddr()`.
+
+    '''
+    # lazy imports to avoid circular deps
+    from tractor.ipc._tcp import TCPAddress
+    from tractor.ipc._uds import UDSAddress
+
+    maddr = Multiaddr(maddr_str)
+    proto_names: list[str] = [
+        p.name for p in maddr.protocols()
+    ]
+
+    match proto_names:
+        case [('ip4' | 'ip6') as net_proto, 'tcp']:
+            host: str = maddr.value_for_protocol(net_proto)
+            port: int = int(maddr.value_for_protocol('tcp'))
+            return TCPAddress(host, port)
+
+        case ['unix']:
+            # NOTE, the multiaddr lib prepends a `/` to the
+            # unix protocol value; strip it to recover the
+            # original relative path.
+            raw: str = maddr.value_for_protocol('unix')
+            sockpath = Path(raw.lstrip('/'))
+            return UDSAddress(
+                filedir=str(sockpath.parent),
+                filename=str(sockpath.name),
+            )
+
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'Unsupported multiaddr protocol combo: '
+                f'{proto_names!r}\n'
+                f'from maddr: {maddr_str!r}\n'
+            )

From 5c4438bacc63f01c3fe2431275d337aa69f51ea0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:10:20 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/31] Add `parse_maddr()` tests + registrar maddr integ test

Cover `parse_maddr()` with unit tests for tcp/ipv4,
tcp/ipv6, uds, and unsupported-protocol error paths,
plus full `addr -> mk_maddr -> str -> parse_maddr`
roundtrip verification.

Adds,
- a `_maddr_to_tpt_proto` inverse-mapping assertion.
- an `wrap_address()` maddr-string acceptance test.
- a `test_reg_then_unreg_maddr` end-to-end suite which audits passing
  the registry addr as multiaddr str through the entire runtime.

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py | 115 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 tests/discovery/test_registrar.py |  45 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py b/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
index 81eec2ce..8329b033 100644
--- a/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 '''
-Multiaddr construction and round-trip tests for
-`tractor.discovery._multiaddr.mk_maddr()`.
+Multiaddr construction, parsing, and round-trip tests for
+`tractor.discovery._multiaddr.mk_maddr()` and
+`tractor.discovery._multiaddr.parse_maddr()`.
 
 '''
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -13,8 +14,11 @@ from tractor.ipc._tcp import TCPAddress
 from tractor.ipc._uds import UDSAddress
 from tractor.discovery._multiaddr import (
     mk_maddr,
+    parse_maddr,
     _tpt_proto_to_maddr,
+    _maddr_to_tpt_proto,
 )
+from tractor.discovery._addr import wrap_address
 
 
 def test_tpt_proto_to_maddr_mapping():
@@ -134,3 +138,110 @@ def test_mk_maddr_roundtrip(addr):
 
     assert reparsed == maddr
     assert str(reparsed) == str(maddr)
+
+
+# ------ parse_maddr() tests ------
+
+def test_maddr_to_tpt_proto_mapping():
+    '''
+    `_maddr_to_tpt_proto` is the exact inverse of
+    `_tpt_proto_to_maddr`.
+
+    '''
+    assert _maddr_to_tpt_proto == {
+        'tcp': 'tcp',
+        'unix': 'uds',
+    }
+
+
+def test_parse_maddr_tcp_ipv4():
+    '''
+    `parse_maddr()` on an IPv4 TCP multiaddr string
+    produce a `TCPAddress` with the correct host and port.
+
+    '''
+    result = parse_maddr('/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1234')
+
+    assert isinstance(result, TCPAddress)
+    assert result.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 1234)
+
+
+def test_parse_maddr_tcp_ipv6():
+    '''
+    `parse_maddr()` on an IPv6 TCP multiaddr string
+    produce a `TCPAddress` with the correct host and port.
+
+    '''
+    result = parse_maddr('/ip6/::1/tcp/5678')
+
+    assert isinstance(result, TCPAddress)
+    assert result.unwrap() == ('::1', 5678)
+
+
+def test_parse_maddr_uds():
+    '''
+    `parse_maddr()` on a `/unix/...` multiaddr string
+    produce a `UDSAddress` with the correct dir and filename.
+
+    '''
+    result = parse_maddr('/unix/tractor_test/test.sock')
+
+    assert isinstance(result, UDSAddress)
+    filedir, filename = result.unwrap()
+    assert filename == 'test.sock'
+    assert 'tractor_test' in str(filedir)
+
+
+def test_parse_maddr_unsupported():
+    '''
+    `parse_maddr()` raise `ValueError` for an unsupported
+    protocol combination like UDP.
+
+    '''
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match='Unsupported multiaddr protocol combo',
+    ):
+        parse_maddr('/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'addr',
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            TCPAddress('127.0.0.1', 9999),
+            id='tcp-ipv4',
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            UDSAddress(
+                filedir='tractor_rt',
+                filename='roundtrip.sock',
+            ),
+            id='uds',
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_parse_maddr_roundtrip(addr):
+    '''
+    Full round-trip: `addr -> mk_maddr -> str -> parse_maddr`
+    produce an `Address` whose `.unwrap()` matches the original.
+
+    '''
+    maddr: Multiaddr = mk_maddr(addr)
+    maddr_str: str = str(maddr)
+    parsed = parse_maddr(maddr_str)
+
+    assert type(parsed) is type(addr)
+    assert parsed.unwrap() == addr.unwrap()
+
+
+def test_wrap_address_maddr_str():
+    '''
+    `wrap_address()` accept a multiaddr-format string and
+    return the correct `Address` type.
+
+    '''
+    result = wrap_address('/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/9999')
+
+    assert isinstance(result, TCPAddress)
+    assert result.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 9999)
diff --git a/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py b/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py
index 0fbac8be..18f94c43 100644
--- a/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py
+++ b/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import subprocess
 import tractor
 from tractor.trionics import collapse_eg
 from tractor._testing import tractor_test
+from tractor.discovery._addr import wrap_address
+from tractor.discovery._multiaddr import mk_maddr
 import trio
 
 
@@ -53,6 +55,49 @@ async def test_reg_then_unreg(
         assert not sockaddrs
 
 
+@tractor_test
+async def test_reg_then_unreg_maddr(
+    reg_addr: tuple,
+):
+    '''
+    Same as `test_reg_then_unreg` but pass the registry
+    address as a multiaddr string to verify `wrap_address()`
+    multiaddr parsing end-to-end through the runtime.
+
+    '''
+    # tuple -> Address -> multiaddr string
+    addr_obj = wrap_address(reg_addr)
+    maddr_str: str = str(mk_maddr(addr_obj))
+
+    actor = tractor.current_actor()
+    assert actor.is_registrar
+
+    async with tractor.open_nursery(
+        registry_addrs=[maddr_str],
+    ) as n:
+
+        portal = await n.start_actor(
+            'actor_maddr',
+            enable_modules=[__name__],
+        )
+        uid = portal.channel.aid.uid
+
+        async with tractor.get_registry(maddr_str) as aportal:
+            assert actor is aportal.actor
+
+            async with tractor.wait_for_actor('actor_maddr'):
+                assert uid in aportal.actor._registry
+                sockaddrs = actor._registry[uid]
+                assert sockaddrs
+
+        await n.cancel()
+
+        await trio.sleep(0.1)
+        assert uid not in aportal.actor._registry
+        sockaddrs = actor._registry.get(uid)
+        assert not sockaddrs
+
+
 the_line = 'Hi my name is {}'
 
 

From 5f6e45e1d4b2cd6b90373eb189da6dd8581da6f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2026 21:56:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/31] Fix `mk_maddr()` crash on absolute UDS paths

Strip leading `/` from `filepath` before building
the `/unix/{path}` multiaddr string; OW absolute
sockpaths like `/run/user/1000/tractor/foo.sock`
produce `/unix//run/..` which `py-multiaddr`
rejects as "empty protocol path".

Woops, missed this in the initial `mk_maddr()` impl
bc the unit tests only used relative `filedir` values
(which was even noted in a comment..). The bug only
surfaces when the `.maddr` property on `UDSTransport`
is hit during logging/repr with real runtime addrs.

Found-via: cross-suite `pytest tests/ipc/ tests/msg/`
where `tpt_proto='uds'` leaks into msg tests

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
index 2a0ee7e6..d9046e03 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
@@ -78,8 +78,13 @@ def mk_maddr(
         case 'uds':
             filedir, filename = addr.unwrap()
             filepath = Path(filedir) / filename
+            # NOTE, strip any leading `/` to avoid
+            # double-slash `/unix//run/..` which the
+            # multiaddr parser rejects as "empty
+            # protocol path".
+            fpath_str: str = str(filepath).lstrip('/')
             return Multiaddr(
-                f'/{maddr_proto}/{filepath}'
+                f'/{maddr_proto}/{fpath_str}'
             )
 
 

From 490fac432c4cc119d49b9199f8334cd61d2378f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2026 11:21:20 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/31] Preserve absolute UDS paths in `parse_maddr()`

Drop the `.lstrip('/')` on the unix protocol value
so the lib-prepended `/` restores the absolute-path
semantics that `mk_maddr()` strips when encoding.
Pass `Path` components (not `str`) to `UDSAddress`.

Also, update all UDS test params to use absolute
paths (`/tmp/tractor_test/...`, `/tmp/tractor_rt/...`)
matching real runtime sockpath behavior; tighten
`test_parse_maddr_uds` to assert exact `filedir`.

Review: PR #429 (copilot-pull-request-reviewer[bot])
https://github.com/goodboy/tractor/pull/429#pullrequestreview-4018448152

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py | 30 +++++++++++++++++-------------
 tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py   | 11 ++++++-----
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py b/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
index 8329b033..83da84ea 100644
--- a/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
@@ -74,10 +74,11 @@ def test_mk_maddr_uds():
     multiaddr containing the full socket path.
 
     '''
-    # NOTE, use a relative `filedir` since the multiaddr
-    # parser rejects the double-slash from absolute paths
-    # (i.e. `/unix//tmp/..` -> "empty protocol path").
-    filedir = 'tractor_test'
+    # NOTE, use an absolute `filedir` to match real runtime
+    # UDS paths; `mk_maddr()` strips the leading `/` to avoid
+    # the double-slash `/unix//run/..` that py-multiaddr
+    # rejects as "empty protocol path".
+    filedir = '/tmp/tractor_test'
     filename = 'test_sock.sock'
     addr = UDSAddress(
         filedir=filedir,
@@ -89,12 +90,14 @@ def test_mk_maddr_uds():
 
     result_str: str = str(result)
     assert result_str.startswith('/unix/')
+    # verify the leading `/` was stripped to avoid double-slash
+    assert '/unix/tmp/tractor_test/' in result_str
 
-    sockpath: str = str(Path(filedir) / filename)
-    # NOTE, the multiaddr lib prepends a `/` to the
-    # unix protocol value when parsing back out.
+    sockpath_rel: str = str(
+        Path(filedir) / filename
+    ).lstrip('/')
     unix_val: str = result.value_for_protocol('unix')
-    assert unix_val.endswith(sockpath)
+    assert unix_val.endswith(sockpath_rel)
 
 
 def test_mk_maddr_unsupported_proto_key():
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ def test_mk_maddr_unsupported_proto_key():
         ),
         pytest.param(
             UDSAddress(
-                filedir='tractor_rt',
+                filedir='/tmp/tractor_rt',
                 filename='roundtrip.sock',
             ),
             id='uds',
@@ -181,15 +184,16 @@ def test_parse_maddr_tcp_ipv6():
 def test_parse_maddr_uds():
     '''
     `parse_maddr()` on a `/unix/...` multiaddr string
-    produce a `UDSAddress` with the correct dir and filename.
+    produce a `UDSAddress` with the correct dir and filename,
+    preserving absolute path semantics.
 
     '''
-    result = parse_maddr('/unix/tractor_test/test.sock')
+    result = parse_maddr('/unix/tmp/tractor_test/test.sock')
 
     assert isinstance(result, UDSAddress)
     filedir, filename = result.unwrap()
     assert filename == 'test.sock'
-    assert 'tractor_test' in str(filedir)
+    assert str(filedir) == '/tmp/tractor_test'
 
 
 def test_parse_maddr_unsupported():
@@ -214,7 +218,7 @@ def test_parse_maddr_unsupported():
         ),
         pytest.param(
             UDSAddress(
-                filedir='tractor_rt',
+                filedir='/tmp/tractor_rt',
                 filename='roundtrip.sock',
             ),
             id='uds',
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
index d9046e03..e310cf1c 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
@@ -114,13 +114,14 @@ def parse_maddr(
 
         case ['unix']:
             # NOTE, the multiaddr lib prepends a `/` to the
-            # unix protocol value; strip it to recover the
-            # original relative path.
+            # unix protocol value which effectively restores
+            # the absolute-path semantics that `mk_maddr()`
+            # strips when building the multiaddr string.
             raw: str = maddr.value_for_protocol('unix')
-            sockpath = Path(raw.lstrip('/'))
+            sockpath = Path(raw)
             return UDSAddress(
-                filedir=str(sockpath.parent),
-                filename=str(sockpath.name),
+                filedir=sockpath.parent,
+                filename=sockpath.name,
             )
 
         case _:

From f881683c976de2ef7ad13f83d94f7a38fcb062aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 12:11:54 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/31] Tweak timeouts and rm `arbiter_addr` in tests

Use `cpu_scaling_factor()` headroom in
`test_peer_spawns_and_cancels_service_subactor`'s `fail_after` to avoid
flaky timeouts on throttled CI runners. Rename `arbiter_addr=` ->
`registry_addrs=[..]` throughout `test_spawning` and
`test_task_broadcasting` suites to match the current `open_root_actor()`
/ `open_nursery()` API.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/test_inter_peer_cancellation.py | 16 +++++++++++++++-
 tests/test_spawning.py                |  4 ++--
 tests/test_task_broadcasting.py       |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_inter_peer_cancellation.py b/tests/test_inter_peer_cancellation.py
index 49854a99..b79c0393 100644
--- a/tests/test_inter_peer_cancellation.py
+++ b/tests/test_inter_peer_cancellation.py
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ from tractor._testing import (
     expect_ctxc,
 )
 
+from .conftest import cpu_scaling_factor
+
 # XXX TODO cases:
 # - [x] WE cancelled the peer and thus should not see any raised
 #   `ContextCancelled` as it should be reaped silently?
@@ -1030,6 +1032,7 @@ def test_peer_spawns_and_cancels_service_subactor(
     reg_addr: tuple[str, int],
     raise_sub_spawn_error_after: float|None,
     loglevel: str,
+    test_log: tractor.log.StackLevelAdapter,
     # ^XXX, set to 'warning' to see masked-exc warnings
     # that may transpire during actor-nursery teardown.
 ):
@@ -1250,9 +1253,20 @@ def test_peer_spawns_and_cancels_service_subactor(
 
                 # assert spawn_ctx.cancelled_caught
 
+
     async def _main():
+        headroom: float = cpu_scaling_factor()
+        this_fast_on_linux: float = 3
+        this_fast = this_fast_on_linux * headroom
+        if headroom != 1.:
+            test_log.warning(
+                f'Adding latency headroom on linux bc CPU scaling,\n'
+                f'headroom: {headroom}\n'
+                f'this_fast_on_linux: {this_fast_on_linux} -> {this_fast}\n'
+            )
         with trio.fail_after(
-            3 if not debug_mode
+            this_fast
+            if not debug_mode
             else 999
         ):
             await main()
diff --git a/tests/test_spawning.py b/tests/test_spawning.py
index 7e230085..7f3421fe 100644
--- a/tests/test_spawning.py
+++ b/tests/test_spawning.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async def spawn(
         assert actor is None  # no runtime yet
         async with (
             tractor.open_root_actor(
-                arbiter_addr=reg_addr,
+                registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
             ),
             tractor.open_nursery() as an,
         ):
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ def test_loglevel_propagated_to_subactor(
         async with tractor.open_nursery(
             name='registrar',
             start_method=start_method,
-            arbiter_addr=reg_addr,
+            registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
 
         ) as tn:
             await tn.run_in_actor(
diff --git a/tests/test_task_broadcasting.py b/tests/test_task_broadcasting.py
index b57d63f8..9ea251d2 100644
--- a/tests/test_task_broadcasting.py
+++ b/tests/test_task_broadcasting.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ async def open_sequence_streamer(
 ) -> tractor.MsgStream:
 
     async with tractor.open_nursery(
-        arbiter_addr=reg_addr,
+        registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
         start_method=start_method,
     ) as an:
 

From bc60aa1ec588f72fd57730956d00a25d0be917d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 13:33:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/31] Add `tpt_bind_addrs` param to `open_root_actor()`

Allow callers to explicitly declare transport
bind addrs instead of always auto-generating
random ones from ponged registrar addresses.

Deats,
- new `tpt_bind_addrs` kwarg wraps each input
  addr via `wrap_address()` at init time.
- non-registrar path only auto-generates random
  bind addrs when `tpt_bind_addrs` is empty.
- registrar path merges user-provided bind addrs
  with `uw_reg_addrs` via `set()` union.
- drop the deprecated `arbiter_addr` param and
  its `DeprecationWarning` shim entirely.

Also,
- expand `registry_addrs` type annotation to
  `Address|UnwrappedAddress`.
- replace bare `assert accept_addrs` in
  `async_main()` with a descriptive
  `RuntimeError` msg.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/_root.py            | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 tractor/runtime/_runtime.py | 10 +++++-
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tractor/_root.py b/tractor/_root.py
index 39a7880c..97bf7062 100644
--- a/tractor/_root.py
+++ b/tractor/_root.py
@@ -145,11 +145,16 @@ async def maybe_block_bp(
 @acm
 async def open_root_actor(
     *,
-    # defaults are above
-    registry_addrs: list[UnwrappedAddress]|None = None,
+    tpt_bind_addrs: list[
+        Address  # `Address.get_random()` case
+        |UnwrappedAddress  # registrar case `= uw_reg_addrs`
+    ]|None = None,
 
     # defaults are above
-    arbiter_addr: tuple[UnwrappedAddress]|None = None,
+    registry_addrs: list[
+        Address
+        |UnwrappedAddress
+    ]|None = None,
 
     enable_transports: list[
         # TODO, this should eventually be the pairs as
@@ -268,15 +273,7 @@ async def open_root_actor(
         if start_method is not None:
             _spawn.try_set_start_method(start_method)
 
-        if arbiter_addr is not None:
-            warnings.warn(
-                '`arbiter_addr` is now deprecated\n'
-                'Use `registry_addrs: list[tuple]` instead..',
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
-            uw_reg_addrs = [arbiter_addr]
-
+        # XXX expect pre-unwrapped registrar addrs.
         uw_reg_addrs = registry_addrs
         if not uw_reg_addrs:
             uw_reg_addrs: list[UnwrappedAddress] = default_lo_addrs(
@@ -289,7 +286,6 @@ async def open_root_actor(
             wrap_address(uw_addr)
             for uw_addr in uw_reg_addrs
         ]
-
         loglevel: str = (
             loglevel
             or
@@ -386,10 +382,14 @@ async def open_root_actor(
                     addr,
                 )
 
-        tpt_bind_addrs: list[
-            Address  # `Address.get_random()` case
-            |UnwrappedAddress  # registrar case `= uw_reg_addrs`
-        ] = []
+        if tpt_bind_addrs is None:
+            tpt_bind_addrs: list[Address] = []
+        else:
+            input_bind_addrs = list(tpt_bind_addrs)
+            tpt_bind_addrs: list[Address] = []
+            for addr in input_bind_addrs:
+                addr: Address = wrap_address(addr)
+                tpt_bind_addrs.append(addr)
 
         # ------ NON-REGISTRAR ------
         # create a new root-actor instance.
@@ -417,19 +417,20 @@ async def open_root_actor(
             # a new NON-registrar, ROOT-actor.
             #
             # XXX INSTEAD, bind random addrs using the same tpt
-            # proto.
-            for addr in ponged_addrs:
-                tpt_bind_addrs.append(
-                    # XXX, these are `Address` NOT `UnwrappedAddress`.
-                    #
-                    # NOTE, in the case of posix/berkley socket
-                    # protos we allocate port=0 such that the system
-                    # allocates a random value at bind time; this
-                    # happens in the `.ipc.*` stack's backend.
-                    addr.get_random(
-                        bindspace=addr.bindspace,
+            # proto if not already provided.
+            if not tpt_bind_addrs:
+                for addr in ponged_addrs:
+                    tpt_bind_addrs.append(
+                        # XXX, these are `Address` NOT `UnwrappedAddress`.
+                        #
+                        # NOTE, in the case of posix/berkley socket
+                        # protos we allocate port=0 such that the system
+                        # allocates a random value at bind time; this
+                        # happens in the `.ipc.*` stack's backend.
+                        addr.get_random(
+                            bindspace=addr.bindspace,
+                        )
                     )
-                )
 
         # ------ REGISTRAR ------
         # create a new "registry providing" root-actor instance.
@@ -442,7 +443,11 @@ async def open_root_actor(
             # following init steps are taken:
             # - the tranport layer server is bound to each addr
             #   pair defined in provided registry_addrs, or the default.
-            tpt_bind_addrs = uw_reg_addrs
+            tpt_bind_addrs = list(set(
+                tpt_bind_addrs
+                +
+                uw_reg_addrs
+            ))
 
             # - it is normally desirable for any registrar to stay up
             #   indefinitely until either all registered (child/sub)
diff --git a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
index 074c339a..618d33da 100644
--- a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
+++ b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
@@ -1564,7 +1564,15 @@ async def async_main(
                     addr: Address = transport_cls.get_random()
                     accept_addrs.append(addr.unwrap())
 
-        assert accept_addrs
+        # XXX, either passed in by caller or delivered
+        # in post spawn-spec handshake for subs.
+        if not accept_addrs:
+            RuntimeError(
+                f'No tpt bind addresses provided to actor!?\n'
+                f'parent_addr={parent_addr!r}\n'
+                f'accept_addrs={accept_addrs!r}\n'
+                f'enable_transports={enable_transports!r}\n'
+            )
 
         ya_root_tn: bool = bool(actor._root_tn)
         ya_service_tn: bool = bool(actor._service_tn)

From 7079a597c50fb134f5baf795347b68e025ffadb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 16:26:36 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/31] Add `test_tpt_bind_addrs.py` + fix type-mixing bug

Add 9 test variants (6 fns) covering all three
`tpt_bind_addrs` code paths in `open_root_actor()`:
- registrar w/ explicit bind (eq, subset, disjoint)
- non-registrar w/ explicit bind (same/diff
  bindspace) using `daemon` fixture
- non-registrar default random bind (baseline)
- maddr string input parsing
- registrar merge produces union
- `open_nursery()` forwards `tpt_bind_addrs`

Fix type-mixing bug at `_root.py:446` where the
registrar merge path did `set(Address + tuple)`,
preventing dedup and causing double-bind `OSError`.
Wrap `uw_reg_addrs` before the set union so both
sides are `Address` objs.

Also,
- add prompt-io output log for this session
- stage original prompt input for tracking

Prompt-IO: ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T192116Z_f851f28_prompt_io.md

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 .../20260413T192116Z_f851f28_prompt_io.md     |  74 ++++
 .../prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md_         |  76 ++++
 tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py        | 337 ++++++++++++++++++
 tractor/_root.py                              |   2 +-
 4 files changed, 488 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T192116Z_f851f28_prompt_io.md
 create mode 100644 ai/prompt-io/prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md_
 create mode 100644 tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py

diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T192116Z_f851f28_prompt_io.md b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T192116Z_f851f28_prompt_io.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c1e1519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T192116Z_f851f28_prompt_io.md
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+model: claude-opus-4-6
+service: claude
+session: (ad-hoc, not tracked via conf.toml)
+timestamp: 2026-04-13T19:21:16Z
+git_ref: f851f28
+scope: code
+substantive: true
+---
+
+## Prompt
+
+User provided a detailed implementation plan for
+a new `test_tpt_bind_addrs.py` test suite covering
+`open_root_actor(tpt_bind_addrs=...)` — the three
+runtime code paths in `_root.py:385-450`:
+
+1. Non-registrar, no explicit bind -> random addrs
+2. Registrar, no explicit bind -> registry_addrs
+3. Explicit bind given -> `wrap_address()` + merge
+
+Plan specified 6 test functions (~10 parametrized
+variants), predicted a type-mixing bug at line 446,
+and asked for an in-flight fix if confirmed.
+
+## Response summary
+
+Created `tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py`
+with 9 collected test variants across 6 functions:
+
+- `test_registrar_root_tpt_bind_addrs` (3 variants:
+  `bind-eq-reg`, `bind-subset-reg`,
+  `bind-disjoint-reg`)
+- `test_non_registrar_root_tpt_bind_addrs`
+  (2 variants: `bind-same-bindspace`,
+  `bind-disjoint`)
+- `test_non_registrar_default_random_bind`
+  (baseline, no explicit bind)
+- `test_tpt_bind_addrs_as_maddr_str`
+  (multiaddr string input)
+- `test_registrar_merge_binds_union`
+  (registrar + disjoint bind -> union)
+- `test_open_nursery_forwards_tpt_bind_addrs`
+  (`open_nursery(**kwargs)` forwarding)
+
+Confirmed and fixed the predicted bug at
+`_root.py:446`: the registrar merge path mixed
+`Address` objects (`tpt_bind_addrs`) with raw tuples
+(`uw_reg_addrs`) inside `set()`, preventing
+deduplication and causing double-bind `OSError`.
+
+Fix: wrap `uw_reg_addrs` before the set union:
+```python
+# before (broken)
+tpt_bind_addrs = list(set(
+    tpt_bind_addrs + uw_reg_addrs
+))
+# after (fixed)
+tpt_bind_addrs = list(set(
+    tpt_bind_addrs
+    + [wrap_address(a) for a in uw_reg_addrs]
+))
+```
+
+All 9 tests pass after the fix.
+
+## Files changed
+
+- `tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py` (new)
+- `tractor/_root.py:446` (bug fix, 1 line)
+
+## Human edits
+
+N/A — pending review.
diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md_ b/ai/prompt-io/prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md_
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dcd07cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md_
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+ok now i want you to take a look at the most recent commit adding
+a `tpt_bind_addrs` to `open_root_actor()` and extend the existing
+tests/discovery/test_multiaddr* and friends to use this new param in
+at least one suite with parametrizations over,
+
+- `registry_addrs == tpt_bind_addrs`, as in both inputs are the same.
+- `set(registry_addrs) >= set(tpt_bind_addrs)`, as in the registry
+  addrs include the bind set.
+- `registry_addrs != tpt_bind_addrs`, where the reg set is disjoint from
+  the bind set in all possible combos you can imagine.
+
+All of the ^above cases should further be parametrized over,
+- the root being the registrar,
+- a non-registrar root using our bg `daemon` fixture.
+
+once we have a fairly thorough test suite and have flushed out all
+bugs and edge cases we want to design a wrapping API which allows
+declaring full tree's of actors tpt endpoints using multiaddrs such
+that a `dict[str, list[str]]` of actor-name -> multiaddr can be used
+to configure a tree of actors-as-services given such an input
+"endpoints-table" can be matched with the number of appropriately
+named subactore spawns in a `tractor` user-app.
+
+Here is a small example from piker,
+
+- in piker's root conf.toml we define a `[network]` section which can
+  define various actor-service-daemon names set to a maddr
+  (multiaddress str).
+
+- each actor whether part of the `pikerd` tree (as a sub) or spawned
+  in other non-registrar rooted trees (such as `piker chart`) should
+  configurable in terms of its `tractor` tpt bind addresses via
+  a simple service lookup table,
+
+  ```toml
+  [network]
+  pikerd = [
+    '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/6116',  # std localhost daemon-actor tree
+    '/uds/run/user/1000/piker/pikerd@6116.sock',  # same but serving UDS
+  ]
+  chart = [
+    '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/3333',  # std localhost daemon-actor tree
+    '/uds/run/user/1000/piker/chart@3333.sock',
+  ]
+  ```
+
+We should take whatever common API is needed to support this and
+distill it into a
+```python
+tractor.discovery.parse_endpoints(
+) -> dict[
+  str,
+  list[Address]
+  |dict[str, list[Address]]
+  # ^recursive case, see below
+]:
+```
+
+style API which can,
+
+- be re-used easily across dependent projects.
+- correctly raise tpt-backend support errors when a maddr specifying
+  a unsupport proto is passed.
+- be used to handle "tunnelled" maddrs per
+  https://github.com/multiformats/py-multiaddr/#tunneling such that
+  for any such tunneled maddr-`str`-entry we deliver a data-structure
+  which can easily be passed to nested `@acm`s which consecutively
+  setup nested net bindspaces for binding the endpoint addrs using
+  a combo of our `.ipc.*` machinery and, say for example something like
+  https://github.com/svinota/pyroute2, more precisely say for
+  managing tunnelled wireguard eps within network-namespaces,
+  * https://docs.pyroute2.org/
+  * https://docs.pyroute2.org/netns.html
+
+remember to include use of all default `.claude/skills` throughout
+this work!
diff --git a/tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py b/tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61baecda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+'''
+`open_root_actor(tpt_bind_addrs=...)` test suite.
+
+Verify all three runtime code paths for explicit IPC-server
+bind-address selection in `_root.py`:
+
+1. Non-registrar, no explicit bind -> random addrs from registry proto
+2. Registrar, no explicit bind -> binds to registry_addrs
+3. Explicit bind given -> wraps via `wrap_address()` and uses them
+
+'''
+from functools import partial
+
+import pytest
+import trio
+import tractor
+from tractor.discovery._addr import (
+    wrap_address,
+)
+from tractor.discovery._multiaddr import mk_maddr
+from tractor._testing.addr import get_rando_addr
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# helpers
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _bound_bindspaces(
+    actor: tractor.Actor,
+) -> set[str]:
+    '''
+    Collect the set of bindspace strings from the actor's
+    currently bound IPC-server accept addresses.
+
+    '''
+    return {
+        wrap_address(a).bindspace
+        for a in actor.accept_addrs
+    }
+
+
+def _bound_wrapped(
+    actor: tractor.Actor,
+) -> list:
+    '''
+    Return the actor's accept addrs as wrapped `Address` objects.
+
+    '''
+    return [
+        wrap_address(a)
+        for a in actor.accept_addrs
+    ]
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 1) Registrar + explicit tpt_bind_addrs
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'addr_combo',
+    [
+        'bind-eq-reg',
+        'bind-subset-reg',
+        'bind-disjoint-reg',
+    ],
+    ids=lambda v: v,
+)
+def test_registrar_root_tpt_bind_addrs(
+    reg_addr: tuple,
+    tpt_proto: str,
+    debug_mode: bool,
+    addr_combo: str,
+):
+    '''
+    Registrar root-actor with explicit `tpt_bind_addrs`:
+    bound set must include all registry + all bind addr bindspaces
+    (merge behavior).
+
+    '''
+    reg_wrapped = wrap_address(reg_addr)
+
+    if addr_combo == 'bind-eq-reg':
+        bind_addrs = [reg_addr]
+        # extra secondary reg addr for subset test
+        extra_reg = []
+
+    elif addr_combo == 'bind-subset-reg':
+        second_reg = get_rando_addr(tpt_proto)
+        bind_addrs = [reg_addr]
+        extra_reg = [second_reg]
+
+    elif addr_combo == 'bind-disjoint-reg':
+        # port=0 on same host -> completely different addr
+        rando = wrap_address(reg_addr).get_random(
+            bindspace=reg_wrapped.bindspace,
+        )
+        bind_addrs = [rando.unwrap()]
+        extra_reg = []
+
+    all_reg = [reg_addr] + extra_reg
+
+    async def _main():
+        async with tractor.open_root_actor(
+            registry_addrs=all_reg,
+            tpt_bind_addrs=bind_addrs,
+            debug_mode=debug_mode,
+        ):
+            actor = tractor.current_actor()
+            assert actor.is_registrar
+
+            bound = actor.accept_addrs
+            bound_bs = _bound_bindspaces(actor)
+
+            # all registry bindspaces must appear in bound set
+            for ra in all_reg:
+                assert wrap_address(ra).bindspace in bound_bs
+
+            # all bind-addr bindspaces must appear
+            for ba in bind_addrs:
+                assert wrap_address(ba).bindspace in bound_bs
+
+            # registry addr must appear verbatim in bound
+            # (after wrapping both sides for comparison)
+            bound_w = _bound_wrapped(actor)
+            assert reg_wrapped in bound_w
+
+            if addr_combo == 'bind-disjoint-reg':
+                assert len(bound) >= 2
+
+    trio.run(_main)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'addr_combo',
+    [
+        'bind-same-bindspace',
+        'bind-disjoint',
+    ],
+    ids=lambda v: v,
+)
+def test_non_registrar_root_tpt_bind_addrs(
+    daemon,
+    reg_addr: tuple,
+    tpt_proto: str,
+    debug_mode: bool,
+    addr_combo: str,
+):
+    '''
+    Non-registrar root with explicit `tpt_bind_addrs`:
+    bound set must exactly match the requested bind addrs
+    (no merge with registry).
+
+    '''
+    reg_wrapped = wrap_address(reg_addr)
+
+    if addr_combo == 'bind-same-bindspace':
+        # same bindspace as reg but port=0 so we get a random port
+        rando = reg_wrapped.get_random(
+            bindspace=reg_wrapped.bindspace,
+        )
+        bind_addrs = [rando.unwrap()]
+
+    elif addr_combo == 'bind-disjoint':
+        rando = reg_wrapped.get_random(
+            bindspace=reg_wrapped.bindspace,
+        )
+        bind_addrs = [rando.unwrap()]
+
+    async def _main():
+        async with tractor.open_root_actor(
+            registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
+            tpt_bind_addrs=bind_addrs,
+            debug_mode=debug_mode,
+        ):
+            actor = tractor.current_actor()
+            assert not actor.is_registrar
+
+            bound = actor.accept_addrs
+            assert len(bound) == len(bind_addrs)
+
+            # bindspaces must match
+            bound_bs = _bound_bindspaces(actor)
+            for ba in bind_addrs:
+                assert wrap_address(ba).bindspace in bound_bs
+
+            # TCP port=0 should resolve to a real port
+            for uw_addr in bound:
+                w = wrap_address(uw_addr)
+                if w.proto_key == 'tcp':
+                    _host, port = uw_addr
+                    assert port > 0
+
+    trio.run(_main)
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 3) Non-registrar, default random bind (baseline)
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_non_registrar_default_random_bind(
+    daemon,
+    reg_addr: tuple,
+    debug_mode: bool,
+):
+    '''
+    Baseline: no `tpt_bind_addrs`, daemon running.
+    Bound bindspace matches registry bindspace,
+    but bound addr differs from reg_addr (random).
+
+    '''
+    reg_wrapped = wrap_address(reg_addr)
+
+    async def _main():
+        async with tractor.open_root_actor(
+            registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
+            debug_mode=debug_mode,
+        ):
+            actor = tractor.current_actor()
+            assert not actor.is_registrar
+
+            bound_bs = _bound_bindspaces(actor)
+            assert reg_wrapped.bindspace in bound_bs
+
+            # bound addr should differ from the registry addr
+            # (the runtime picks a random port/path)
+            bound_w = _bound_wrapped(actor)
+            assert reg_wrapped not in bound_w
+
+    trio.run(_main)
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 4) Multiaddr string input
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_tpt_bind_addrs_as_maddr_str(
+    reg_addr: tuple,
+    debug_mode: bool,
+):
+    '''
+    Pass multiaddr strings as `tpt_bind_addrs`.
+    Runtime should parse and bind successfully.
+
+    '''
+    reg_wrapped = wrap_address(reg_addr)
+    # build a port-0 / random maddr string for binding
+    rando = reg_wrapped.get_random(
+        bindspace=reg_wrapped.bindspace,
+    )
+    maddr_str: str = str(mk_maddr(rando))
+
+    async def _main():
+        async with tractor.open_root_actor(
+            registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
+            tpt_bind_addrs=[maddr_str],
+            debug_mode=debug_mode,
+        ):
+            actor = tractor.current_actor()
+            assert actor.is_registrar
+
+            for uw_addr in actor.accept_addrs:
+                w = wrap_address(uw_addr)
+                if w.proto_key == 'tcp':
+                    _host, port = uw_addr
+                    assert port > 0
+
+    trio.run(_main)
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 5) Registrar merge produces union of binds
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_registrar_merge_binds_union(
+    tpt_proto: str,
+    debug_mode: bool,
+):
+    '''
+    Registrar + disjoint bind addr: bound set must include
+    both registry and explicit bind addresses.
+
+    '''
+    reg_addr = get_rando_addr(tpt_proto)
+    reg_wrapped = wrap_address(reg_addr)
+
+    rando = reg_wrapped.get_random(
+        bindspace=reg_wrapped.bindspace,
+    )
+    bind_addrs = [rando.unwrap()]
+
+    async def _main():
+        async with tractor.open_root_actor(
+            registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
+            tpt_bind_addrs=bind_addrs,
+            debug_mode=debug_mode,
+        ):
+            actor = tractor.current_actor()
+            assert actor.is_registrar
+
+            bound = actor.accept_addrs
+            bound_w = _bound_wrapped(actor)
+
+            # must have at least 2 (registry + bind)
+            assert len(bound) >= 2
+
+            # registry addr must appear in bound set
+            assert reg_wrapped in bound_w
+
+    trio.run(_main)
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 6) open_nursery forwards tpt_bind_addrs
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_open_nursery_forwards_tpt_bind_addrs(
+    reg_addr: tuple,
+    debug_mode: bool,
+):
+    '''
+    `open_nursery(tpt_bind_addrs=...)` forwards through
+    `**kwargs` to `open_root_actor()`.
+
+    '''
+    reg_wrapped = wrap_address(reg_addr)
+    rando = reg_wrapped.get_random(
+        bindspace=reg_wrapped.bindspace,
+    )
+    bind_addrs = [rando.unwrap()]
+
+    async def _main():
+        async with tractor.open_nursery(
+            registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
+            tpt_bind_addrs=bind_addrs,
+            debug_mode=debug_mode,
+        ):
+            actor = tractor.current_actor()
+            bound_bs = _bound_bindspaces(actor)
+
+            for ba in bind_addrs:
+                assert wrap_address(ba).bindspace in bound_bs
+
+    trio.run(_main)
diff --git a/tractor/_root.py b/tractor/_root.py
index 97bf7062..02757c32 100644
--- a/tractor/_root.py
+++ b/tractor/_root.py
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ async def open_root_actor(
             tpt_bind_addrs = list(set(
                 tpt_bind_addrs
                 +
-                uw_reg_addrs
+                [wrap_address(a) for a in uw_reg_addrs]
             ))
 
             # - it is normally desirable for any registrar to stay up

From e90241baaa637c4799d62a183519ed8ec0260f6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 17:36:21 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/31] Add `parse_endpoints()` to `_multiaddr`

Provide a service-table parsing API for downstream projects (like
`piker`) to declare per-actor transport bind addresses as a config map
of actor-name -> multiaddr strings (e.g. from a TOML `[network]`
section).

Deats,
- `EndpointsTable` type alias: input `dict[str, list[str|tuple]]`.
- `ParsedEndpoints` type alias: output `dict[str, list[Address]]`.
- `parse_endpoints()` iterates the table and delegates each entry to the
  existing `tractor.discovery._discovery.wrap_address()` helper, which
  handles maddr strings, raw `(host, port)` tuples, and pre-wrapped
  `Address` objs.
- UDS maddrs use the multiaddr spec name `/unix/...` (not tractor's
  internal `/uds/` proto_key)

Also add new tests,
- 7 new pure unit tests (no trio runtime): TCP-only, mixed tpts,
  unwrapped tuples, mixed str+tuple, unsupported proto (`/udp/`),
  empty table, empty actor list
- all 22 multiaddr tests pass rn.

Prompt-IO:
ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.md

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 .../20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.md    |  50 +++++
 ...20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md | 207 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py             | 125 +++++++++++
 tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py               |  58 +++++
 4 files changed, 440 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.md
 create mode 100644 ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md

diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.md b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6ec66d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+model: claude-opus-4-6
+service: claude
+session: 76154e65-d8e1-4b5f-9275-0ea45ba7e98a
+timestamp: 2026-04-13T20:50:48Z
+git_ref: 269d939c
+scope: code
+substantive: true
+raw_file: 20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md
+---
+
+## Prompt
+
+Implement a `parse_endpoints()` API in
+`tractor.discovery._multiaddr` that lets downstream
+projects declare per-actor transport bind addresses
+as a service table of actor-name -> multiaddr
+strings (loaded from config, e.g. TOML `[network]`
+section). Add type aliases `EndpointsTable` and
+`ParsedEndpoints`, plus 7 unit tests covering TCP,
+UDS, tuples, mixed input, unsupported protocols, and
+edge cases.
+
+A detailed implementation plan was provided
+specifying insertion points, type signatures, test
+names, and verification commands.
+
+## Response summary
+
+Add `parse_endpoints()` function with two supporting
+type aliases to `_multiaddr.py`. The function
+iterates a `dict[str, list[str|tuple]]` service
+table and delegates each entry to the existing
+`wrap_address()` helper, which already handles maddr
+strings, raw tuples, and pre-wrapped `Address`
+objects. Seven pure unit tests (no trio runtime)
+validate all input variants and edge cases. All 22
+multiaddr tests pass.
+
+## Files changed
+
+- `tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py` — add
+  `EndpointsTable`, `ParsedEndpoints` type aliases
+  and `parse_endpoints()` function after line 133
+- `tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py` — add
+  `parse_endpoints` import and 7 new test functions
+
+## Human edits
+
+None — committed as generated.
diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71aff348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+---
+model: claude-opus-4-6
+service: claude
+timestamp: 2026-04-13T20:50:48Z
+git_ref: 269d939c
+---
+
+## Implementation output
+
+### `tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py` — appended after line 133
+
+```python
+# type aliases for service-endpoint config tables
+#
+# input table: actor/service name -> list of maddr strings
+# or raw unwrapped-address tuples (as accepted by
+# `wrap_address()`).
+EndpointsTable = dict[
+    str,                    # actor/service name
+    list[str|tuple],        # maddr strs or UnwrappedAddress
+]
+
+# output table: actor/service name -> list of wrapped
+# `Address` instances ready for transport binding.
+ParsedEndpoints = dict[
+    str,                    # actor/service name
+    list['Address'],
+]
+
+
+def parse_endpoints(
+    service_table: EndpointsTable,
+) -> ParsedEndpoints:
+    '''
+    Parse a service-endpoint config table into wrapped
+    `Address` instances suitable for transport binding.
+
+    Each key is an actor/service name and each value is
+    a list of addresses in any format accepted by
+    `wrap_address()`:
+
+    - multiaddr strings: ``'/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1616'``
+    - UDS multiaddr strings using the **multiaddr spec
+      name** ``/unix/...`` (NOT the tractor-internal
+      ``/uds/`` proto_key)
+    - raw unwrapped tuples: ``('127.0.0.1', 1616)``
+    - pre-wrapped `Address` objects (passed through)
+
+    Returns a new `dict` with the same keys, where each
+    value list contains the corresponding `Address`
+    instances.
+
+    Raises `ValueError` for unsupported multiaddr
+    protocols (e.g. ``/udp/``).
+
+    '''
+    from tractor.discovery._addr import wrap_address
+
+    parsed: ParsedEndpoints = {}
+    for (
+        actor_name,
+        addr_entries,
+    ) in service_table.items():
+        parsed[actor_name] = [
+            wrap_address(entry)
+            for entry in addr_entries
+        ]
+    return parsed
+```
+
+### `tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py` — appended after line 252
+
+Added import of `parse_endpoints` to existing import block, then
+7 new test functions:
+
+```python
+# ------ parse_endpoints() tests ------
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_tcp_only():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` with a single TCP maddr per actor
+    produce the correct `TCPAddress` instances.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'registry': ['/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1616'],
+        'data_feed': ['/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/5555'],
+    }
+    result = parse_endpoints(table)
+
+    assert set(result.keys()) == {'registry', 'data_feed'}
+
+    reg_addr = result['registry'][0]
+    assert isinstance(reg_addr, TCPAddress)
+    assert reg_addr.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 1616)
+
+    feed_addr = result['data_feed'][0]
+    assert isinstance(feed_addr, TCPAddress)
+    assert feed_addr.unwrap() == ('0.0.0.0', 5555)
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_mixed_tpts():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` with both TCP and UDS maddrs for
+    the same actor produce the correct mixed `Address` list.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'broker': [
+            '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4040',
+            '/unix/tmp/tractor/broker.sock',
+        ],
+    }
+    result = parse_endpoints(table)
+    addrs = result['broker']
+
+    assert len(addrs) == 2
+    assert isinstance(addrs[0], TCPAddress)
+    assert addrs[0].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 4040)
+
+    assert isinstance(addrs[1], UDSAddress)
+    filedir, filename = addrs[1].unwrap()
+    assert filename == 'broker.sock'
+    assert str(filedir) == '/tmp/tractor'
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_unwrapped_tuples():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` accept raw `(host, port)` tuples
+    and wrap them as `TCPAddress`.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'ems': [('127.0.0.1', 6666)],
+    }
+    result = parse_endpoints(table)
+
+    addr = result['ems'][0]
+    assert isinstance(addr, TCPAddress)
+    assert addr.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 6666)
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_mixed_str_and_tuple():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` accept a mix of maddr strings and
+    raw tuples in the same actor entry list.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'quoter': [
+            '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/7777',
+            ('127.0.0.1', 8888),
+        ],
+    }
+    result = parse_endpoints(table)
+    addrs = result['quoter']
+
+    assert len(addrs) == 2
+    assert isinstance(addrs[0], TCPAddress)
+    assert addrs[0].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 7777)
+
+    assert isinstance(addrs[1], TCPAddress)
+    assert addrs[1].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 8888)
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_unsupported_proto():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` raise `ValueError` when a maddr
+    string uses an unsupported protocol like `/udp/`.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'bad_actor': ['/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/9999'],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match='Unsupported multiaddr protocol combo',
+    ):
+        parse_endpoints(table)
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_empty_table():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` on an empty table return an empty
+    dict.
+
+    '''
+    assert parse_endpoints({}) == {}
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_empty_actor_list():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` with an actor mapped to an empty
+    list preserve the key with an empty list value.
+
+    '''
+    result = parse_endpoints({'x': []})
+    assert result == {'x': []}
+```
+
+### Test run output
+
+```
+22 passed, 1 warning in 0.05s
+```
+
+All 22 tests pass (15 existing + 7 new).
diff --git a/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py b/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
index 83da84ea..9b1520d6 100644
--- a/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from tractor.ipc._uds import UDSAddress
 from tractor.discovery._multiaddr import (
     mk_maddr,
     parse_maddr,
+    parse_endpoints,
     _tpt_proto_to_maddr,
     _maddr_to_tpt_proto,
 )
@@ -249,3 +250,127 @@ def test_wrap_address_maddr_str():
 
     assert isinstance(result, TCPAddress)
     assert result.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 9999)
+
+
+# ------ parse_endpoints() tests ------
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_tcp_only():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` with a single TCP maddr per actor
+    produce the correct `TCPAddress` instances.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'registry': ['/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1616'],
+        'data_feed': ['/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/5555'],
+    }
+    result = parse_endpoints(table)
+
+    assert set(result.keys()) == {'registry', 'data_feed'}
+
+    reg_addr = result['registry'][0]
+    assert isinstance(reg_addr, TCPAddress)
+    assert reg_addr.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 1616)
+
+    feed_addr = result['data_feed'][0]
+    assert isinstance(feed_addr, TCPAddress)
+    assert feed_addr.unwrap() == ('0.0.0.0', 5555)
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_mixed_tpts():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` with both TCP and UDS maddrs for
+    the same actor produce the correct mixed `Address` list.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'broker': [
+            '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4040',
+            '/unix/tmp/tractor/broker.sock',
+        ],
+    }
+    result = parse_endpoints(table)
+    addrs = result['broker']
+
+    assert len(addrs) == 2
+    assert isinstance(addrs[0], TCPAddress)
+    assert addrs[0].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 4040)
+
+    assert isinstance(addrs[1], UDSAddress)
+    filedir, filename = addrs[1].unwrap()
+    assert filename == 'broker.sock'
+    assert str(filedir) == '/tmp/tractor'
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_unwrapped_tuples():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` accept raw `(host, port)` tuples
+    and wrap them as `TCPAddress`.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'ems': [('127.0.0.1', 6666)],
+    }
+    result = parse_endpoints(table)
+
+    addr = result['ems'][0]
+    assert isinstance(addr, TCPAddress)
+    assert addr.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 6666)
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_mixed_str_and_tuple():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` accept a mix of maddr strings and
+    raw tuples in the same actor entry list.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'quoter': [
+            '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/7777',
+            ('127.0.0.1', 8888),
+        ],
+    }
+    result = parse_endpoints(table)
+    addrs = result['quoter']
+
+    assert len(addrs) == 2
+    assert isinstance(addrs[0], TCPAddress)
+    assert addrs[0].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 7777)
+
+    assert isinstance(addrs[1], TCPAddress)
+    assert addrs[1].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 8888)
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_unsupported_proto():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` raise `ValueError` when a maddr
+    string uses an unsupported protocol like `/udp/`.
+
+    '''
+    table = {
+        'bad_actor': ['/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/9999'],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match='Unsupported multiaddr protocol combo',
+    ):
+        parse_endpoints(table)
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_empty_table():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` on an empty table return an empty
+    dict.
+
+    '''
+    assert parse_endpoints({}) == {}
+
+
+def test_parse_endpoints_empty_actor_list():
+    '''
+    `parse_endpoints()` with an actor mapped to an empty
+    list preserve the key with an empty list value.
+
+    '''
+    result = parse_endpoints({'x': []})
+    assert result == {'x': []}
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
index e310cf1c..da6c17d1 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
@@ -130,3 +130,61 @@ def parse_maddr(
                 f'{proto_names!r}\n'
                 f'from maddr: {maddr_str!r}\n'
             )
+
+
+# type aliases for service-endpoint config tables
+#
+# input table: actor/service name -> list of maddr strings
+# or raw unwrapped-address tuples (as accepted by
+# `wrap_address()`).
+EndpointsTable = dict[
+    str,                    # actor/service name
+    list[str|tuple],        # maddr strs or UnwrappedAddress
+]
+
+# output table: actor/service name -> list of wrapped
+# `Address` instances ready for transport binding.
+ParsedEndpoints = dict[
+    str,                    # actor/service name
+    list['Address'],
+]
+
+
+def parse_endpoints(
+    service_table: EndpointsTable,
+) -> ParsedEndpoints:
+    '''
+    Parse a service-endpoint config table into wrapped
+    `Address` instances suitable for transport binding.
+
+    Each key is an actor/service name and each value is
+    a list of addresses in any format accepted by
+    `wrap_address()`:
+
+    - multiaddr strings: ``'/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1616'``
+    - UDS multiaddr strings using the **multiaddr spec
+      name** ``/unix/...`` (NOT the tractor-internal
+      ``/uds/`` proto_key)
+    - raw unwrapped tuples: ``('127.0.0.1', 1616)``
+    - pre-wrapped `Address` objects (passed through)
+
+    Returns a new `dict` with the same keys, where each
+    value list contains the corresponding `Address`
+    instances.
+
+    Raises `ValueError` for unsupported multiaddr
+    protocols (e.g. ``/udp/``).
+
+    '''
+    from tractor.discovery._addr import wrap_address
+
+    parsed: ParsedEndpoints = {}
+    for (
+        actor_name,
+        addr_entries,
+    ) in service_table.items():
+        parsed[actor_name] = [
+            wrap_address(entry)
+            for entry in addr_entries
+        ]
+    return parsed

From a891e003b235c8df21641e9e07cac9a41477c33e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 18:33:39 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/31] Expose `_multiaddr` API from `tractor.discovery`

Re-export `parse_endpoints`, `parse_maddr`, and
`mk_maddr` in `discovery.__init__` so downstream
(piker) can import directly from the pkg ns.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/discovery/__init__.py   | 5 +++++
 tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tractor/discovery/__init__.py b/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
index d87a9cc1..13e10b0a 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
@@ -24,3 +24,8 @@ module paths like ``tractor.discovery._addr`` or
 ``tractor.discovery._discovery`` instead.
 
 '''
+from ._multiaddr import (
+    parse_endpoints as parse_endpoints,
+    parse_maddr as parse_maddr,
+    mk_maddr as mk_maddr,
+)
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
index da6c17d1..74076fd4 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ _tpt_proto_to_maddr: dict[str, str] = {
 _maddr_to_tpt_proto: dict[str, str] = {
     v: k for k, v in _tpt_proto_to_maddr.items()
 }
-# {'tcp': 'tcp', 'unix': 'uds'}
+# -> {'tcp': 'tcp', 'unix': 'uds'}
 
 
 def mk_maddr(

From 06ff2dd5f2e4dfcf02e33f84d6065b231032ecc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 18:35:04 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/31] Permit the `prompt-io` skill by default

---
 .claude/settings.local.json | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.claude/settings.local.json b/.claude/settings.local.json
index fff0dd0c..abb6bc30 100644
--- a/.claude/settings.local.json
+++ b/.claude/settings.local.json
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@
       "Write(.claude/git_commit_msg_LATEST.md)",
       "Skill(run-tests)",
       "Skill(close-wkt)",
-      "Skill(open-wkt)"
+      "Skill(open-wkt)",
+      "Skill(prompt-io)"
     ],
     "deny": [],
     "ask": []

From 23677f8a3ceb34a9641e78cd325e8316abc2c02f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 22:47:15 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/31] Use distinct startup report for registrar vs client

Set `header` to "Contacting existing registry"
for non-registrar actors and "Opening new
registry" for registrars, so the boot log
reflects the actual role.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/_root.py | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tractor/_root.py b/tractor/_root.py
index 02757c32..9b58523d 100644
--- a/tractor/_root.py
+++ b/tractor/_root.py
@@ -432,6 +432,8 @@ async def open_root_actor(
                         )
                     )
 
+            header: str = '-> Contacting existing registry @ '
+
         # ------ REGISTRAR ------
         # create a new "registry providing" root-actor instance.
         #
@@ -469,6 +471,7 @@ async def open_root_actor(
             # `tractor.to_asyncio.run_as_asyncio_guest()` and NOT
             # `.trio.run()`.
             actor._infected_aio = _state._runtime_vars['_is_infected_aio']
+            header: str = '-> Opening new registry @ '
 
         # Start up main task set via core actor-runtime nurseries.
         try:
@@ -480,7 +483,7 @@ async def open_root_actor(
             report: str = f'Starting actor-runtime for {actor.aid.reprol()!r}\n'
             if reg_addrs := actor.registry_addrs:
                 report += (
-                    '-> Opening new registry @ '
+                    header
                     +
                     '\n'.join(
                         f'{addr}' for addr in reg_addrs

From cb7b76c44f3991a5f32721d05c98f19806ff105e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 12:05:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 19/31] Use multi-addr `dict` registry, drop `bidict`

Replace `Registrar._registry: bidict[uid, addr]`
with `dict[uid, list[UnwrappedAddress]]` to
support actors binding on multiple transports
simultaneously (multi-homed).

Deats,
- `find_actor_addr()` returns first addr from
  the uid's list
- `get_registry()` now returns per-uid addr
  lists
- `find_actor_addrs()` uses `.extend()` to
  collect all addrs for a given actor name
- `register_actor_addr()` appends to the uid's
  list (dedup'd) and evicts stale entries where
  a different uid claims the same addr
- `delete_actor_addr()` does a linear scan +
  `.remove()` instead of `bidict.inverse.pop()`;
  deletes the uid entry entirely when no addrs
  remain

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/discovery/_registry.py | 71 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_registry.py b/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
index cb8fc157..8d29f2be 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ name-to-address mappings so peers can discover each other.
 '''
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from bidict import bidict
 import trio
 
 from ..runtime._runtime import Actor
@@ -83,10 +82,10 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
         **kwargs,
     ) -> None:
 
-        self._registry: bidict[
+        self._registry: dict[
             tuple[str, str],
-            UnwrappedAddress,
-        ] = bidict({})
+            list[UnwrappedAddress],
+        ] = {}
         self._waiters: dict[
             str,
             # either an event to sync to receiving an
@@ -104,16 +103,15 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
 
     ) -> UnwrappedAddress|None:
 
-        for uid, addr in self._registry.items():
+        for uid, addrs in self._registry.items():
             if name in uid:
-                return addr
+                return addrs[0] if addrs else None
 
         return None
 
     async def get_registry(
         self
-
-    ) -> dict[str, UnwrappedAddress]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list[UnwrappedAddress]]:
         '''
         Return current name registry.
 
@@ -144,18 +142,17 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
 
         '''
         addrs: list[UnwrappedAddress] = []
-        addr: UnwrappedAddress
 
         mailbox_info: str = (
             'Actor registry contact infos:\n'
         )
-        for uid, addr in self._registry.items():
+        for uid, uid_addrs in self._registry.items():
             mailbox_info += (
                 f'|_uid: {uid}\n'
-                f'|_addr: {addr}\n\n'
+                f'|_addrs: {uid_addrs}\n\n'
             )
             if name == uid[0]:
-                addrs.append(addr)
+                addrs.extend(uid_addrs)
 
         if not addrs:
             waiter = trio.Event()
@@ -166,7 +163,7 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
 
             for uid in self._waiters[name]:
                 if not isinstance(uid, trio.Event):
-                    addrs.append(
+                    addrs.extend(
                         self._registry[uid]
                     )
 
@@ -187,13 +184,24 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
             # should never be 0-dynamic-os-alloc
             await debug.pause()
 
-        # XXX NOTE, value must also be hashable AND since
-        # `._registry` is a `bidict` values must be unique;
-        # use `.forceput()` to replace any prior (stale)
-        # entries that might map a different uid to the same
-        # addr (e.g. after an unclean shutdown or
-        # actor-restart reusing the same address).
-        self._registry.forceput(uid, tuple(addr))
+        addr_tup: tuple = tuple(addr)
+
+        # Evict stale entries: if a *different* uid claims
+        # this addr (e.g. after unclean shutdown or
+        # actor-restart reusing the same address), remove
+        # it from the old uid's addr list.
+        for other_uid, other_addrs in self._registry.items():
+            if (
+                other_uid != uid
+                and addr_tup in other_addrs
+            ):
+                other_addrs.remove(addr_tup)
+                break
+
+        # Append to this uid's addr list (avoid duplicates)
+        entry: list = self._registry.setdefault(uid, [])
+        if addr_tup not in entry:
+            entry.append(addr_tup)
 
         # pop and signal all waiter events
         events = self._waiters.pop(name, [])
@@ -210,7 +218,7 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
 
     ) -> None:
         uid = (str(uid[0]), str(uid[1]))
-        entry: tuple = self._registry.pop(
+        entry: list|None = self._registry.pop(
             uid, None
         )
         if entry is None:
@@ -225,13 +233,20 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
     ) -> tuple[str, str]|None:
         # NOTE: `addr` arrives as a `list` over IPC
         # (msgpack deserializes tuples -> lists) so
-        # coerce to `tuple` for the bidict hash lookup.
-        uid: tuple[str, str]|None = (
-            self._registry.inverse.pop(
-                tuple(addr),
-                None,
-            )
-        )
+        # coerce to `tuple` for the linear scan.
+        addr = tuple(addr)
+        uid: tuple[str, str]|None = None
+
+        for _uid, addrs in self._registry.items():
+            if addr in addrs:
+                addrs.remove(addr)
+                uid = _uid
+                # remove the uid entry entirely when it
+                # has no remaining addrs.
+                if not addrs:
+                    del self._registry[_uid]
+                break
+
         if uid:
             report: str = (
                 'Deleting registry-entry for,\n'

From c3d6cc90075827903e53b940d62c896e1cb234dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 12:27:04 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 20/31] Rename `discovery._discovery` to `._api`

Adjust all imports to match.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/discovery/test_registrar.py            | 2 +-
 tests/test_multi_program.py                  | 2 +-
 tractor/__init__.py                          | 2 +-
 tractor/devx/debug/_tty_lock.py              | 2 +-
 tractor/discovery/__init__.py                | 2 +-
 tractor/discovery/{_discovery.py => _api.py} | 0
 tractor/ipc/_server.py                       | 2 +-
 tractor/runtime/_runtime.py                  | 2 +-
 8 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 rename tractor/discovery/{_discovery.py => _api.py} (100%)

diff --git a/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py b/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py
index 18f94c43..60b2b10c 100644
--- a/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py
+++ b/tests/discovery/test_registrar.py
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ def test_stale_entry_is_deleted(
                     registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
                 ) as maybe_portal:
                     # because the transitive
-                    # `._discovery.maybe_open_portal()` call should
+                    # `._api.maybe_open_portal()` call should
                     # fail and implicitly call `.delete_addr()`
                     assert maybe_portal is None
                     registry: dict = await unpack_reg(_reg_ptl)
diff --git a/tests/test_multi_program.py b/tests/test_multi_program.py
index 100f01c6..5894ee70 100644
--- a/tests/test_multi_program.py
+++ b/tests/test_multi_program.py
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ async def get_root_portal(
 
     # connect back to our immediate parent which should also
     # be the actor-tree's root.
-    from tractor.discovery._discovery import get_root
+    from tractor.discovery._api import get_root
     ptl: Portal
     async with get_root() as ptl:
         root_aid: Aid = ptl.chan.aid
diff --git a/tractor/__init__.py b/tractor/__init__.py
index 1aafe98e..287ac940 100644
--- a/tractor/__init__.py
+++ b/tractor/__init__.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from ._streaming import (
     MsgStream as MsgStream,
     stream as stream,
 )
-from .discovery._discovery import (
+from .discovery._api import (
     get_registry as get_registry,
     find_actor as find_actor,
     wait_for_actor as wait_for_actor,
diff --git a/tractor/devx/debug/_tty_lock.py b/tractor/devx/debug/_tty_lock.py
index 9f7b71e7..3d2be681 100644
--- a/tractor/devx/debug/_tty_lock.py
+++ b/tractor/devx/debug/_tty_lock.py
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ async def request_root_stdio_lock(
     DebugStatus.req_task = current_task()
     req_err: BaseException|None = None
     try:
-        from tractor.discovery._discovery import get_root
+        from tractor.discovery._api import get_root
         # NOTE: we need this to ensure that this task exits
         # BEFORE the REPl instance raises an error like
         # `bdb.BdbQuit` directly, OW you get a trio cs stack
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/__init__.py b/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
index 13e10b0a..93c19e62 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ and location management of (service) actors.
 NOTE: to avoid circular imports, this ``__init__``
 does NOT eagerly import submodules. Use direct
 module paths like ``tractor.discovery._addr`` or
-``tractor.discovery._discovery`` instead.
+``tractor.discovery._api`` instead.
 
 '''
 from ._multiaddr import (
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_discovery.py b/tractor/discovery/_api.py
similarity index 100%
rename from tractor/discovery/_discovery.py
rename to tractor/discovery/_api.py
diff --git a/tractor/ipc/_server.py b/tractor/ipc/_server.py
index 6cfbf474..3fd965c5 100644
--- a/tractor/ipc/_server.py
+++ b/tractor/ipc/_server.py
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ async def maybe_wait_on_canced_subs(
                     # ephemeral `.register_actor()` request!
                     # -[ ] also, that should be avoidable by
                     #   re-using any existing chan from the
-                    #   `._discovery.get_registry()` call as
+                    #   `._api.get_registry()` call as
                     #   well..
                     log.runtime(
                         f'Peer IPC broke but subproc is alive?\n\n'
diff --git a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
index 618d33da..210d489c 100644
--- a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
+++ b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ from ..devx import (
     debug,
     pformat as _pformat
 )
-from ..discovery._discovery import get_registry
+from ..discovery._api import get_registry
 from ._portal import Portal
 from . import _state
 from ..spawn import _mp_fixup_main

From ccb013a6153253648542f64f82fca851fd8e69cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 12:57:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 21/31] Add `prefer_addr()` transport selection to `_api`

New locality-aware addr preference for multihomed
actors: UDS > local TCP > remote TCP. Uses
`ipaddress` + `socket.getaddrinfo()` to detect
whether a `TCPAddress` is on the local host.

Deats,
- `_is_local_addr()` checks loopback or
  same-host IPs via interface enumeration
- `prefer_addr()` classifies an addr list into
  three tiers and picks the latest entry from
  the highest-priority non-empty tier
- `query_actor()` and `wait_for_actor()` now
  call `prefer_addr()` instead of grabbing
  `addrs[-1]` or a single pre-selected addr

Also,
- `Registrar.find_actor()` returns full
  `list[UnwrappedAddress]|None` so callers can
  apply transport preference

Prompt-IO: ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.md

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 .../20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.md    |  38 ++++++
 ...20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md |  62 ++++++++++
 tractor/discovery/_api.py                     | 116 ++++++++++++++++--
 tractor/discovery/_registry.py                |   4 +-
 4 files changed, 208 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.md
 create mode 100644 ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md

diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.md b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54659ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.md
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+model: claude-opus-4-6
+service: claude
+session: multiaddr-support-rename-prefer
+timestamp: 2026-04-14T16:33:00Z
+git_ref: befedc49
+scope: code
+substantive: true
+raw_file: 20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md
+---
+
+## Prompt
+
+Create a helper function that determines the best transport given
+actor locality (distributed vs same host). Use PID/hostname
+comparison for locality detection, apply at registry addr selection
+only (not spawn-time).
+
+## Response summary
+
+New `prefer_addr()` + `_is_local_addr()` helpers
+in `_api.py` using `socket.getaddrinfo()` and
+`ipaddress` for PID/hostname locality detection.
+Preference: UDS > local TCP > remote TCP.
+Integrated into `query_actor()` and
+`wait_for_actor()`. Also changed
+`Registrar.find_actor()` to return full addr list
+so callers can apply preference.
+
+## Files changed
+
+- `tractor/discovery/_discovery.py` → `_api.py`
+  — renamed + added `prefer_addr()`,
+  `_is_local_addr()`; updated `query_actor()` and
+  `wait_for_actor()` call sites
+- `tractor/discovery/_registry.py`
+  — `Registrar.find_actor()` returns
+  `list[UnwrappedAddress]|None`
diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a879ab28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+model: claude-opus-4-6
+service: claude
+timestamp: 2026-04-14T16:33:00Z
+git_ref: befedc49
+---
+
+### Add a `prefer_addr()` helper
+
+Added transport preference selection to
+`tractor/discovery/_api.py` with two new functions:
+
+#### `_is_local_addr(addr: Address) -> bool`
+
+Determines whether an `Address` is reachable on the
+local host:
+
+- `UDSAddress`: always returns `True`
+  (filesystem-bound, inherently local)
+- `TCPAddress`: checks if `._host` is a loopback IP
+  via `ipaddress.ip_address().is_loopback`, then
+  falls back to comparing against the machine's own
+  interface IPs via
+  `socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)`
+
+#### `prefer_addr(addrs: list[UnwrappedAddress]) -> UnwrappedAddress`
+
+Selects the "best" transport address from a
+multihomed actor's address list. Wraps each
+candidate via `wrap_address()` to get typed
+`Address` objects, then classifies into three tiers:
+
+1. **UDS** (same-host guaranteed, lowest overhead)
+2. **TCP loopback / same-host IP** (local network)
+3. **TCP remote** (only option for distributed)
+
+Within each tier, the last-registered (latest) entry
+is preferred. Falls back to `addrs[-1]` if no
+heuristic matches.
+
+#### Integration
+
+- `Registrar.find_actor()` in `_registry.py`: changed
+  return type from `UnwrappedAddress|None` to
+  `list[UnwrappedAddress]|None` — returns the full
+  addr list so callers can apply transport preference.
+
+- `query_actor()` in `_api.py`: now calls
+  `prefer_addr(addrs)` on the list returned by
+  `Registrar.find_actor()` instead of receiving a
+  single pre-selected addr.
+
+- `wait_for_actor()` in `_api.py`: replaced
+  `addrs[-1]` with `prefer_addr(addrs)` for
+  consistent transport selection.
+
+### Verification
+
+All discovery tests pass (13/13 non-daemon).
+`test_local.py` and `test_multi_program.py` also
+pass (daemon fixture teardown failures are
+pre-existing and unrelated).
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_api.py b/tractor/discovery/_api.py
index c3f4a98f..1d7108f0 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_api.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_api.py
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ management of (service) actors.
 
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
+import ipaddress
+import socket
 from typing import (
     AsyncGenerator,
     AsyncContextManager,
@@ -33,10 +35,12 @@ from ..trionics import (
     collapse_eg,
 )
 from ..ipc import _connect_chan, Channel
+from ..ipc._tcp import TCPAddress
+from ..ipc._uds import UDSAddress
 from ._addr import (
     UnwrappedAddress,
     Address,
-    wrap_address
+    wrap_address,
 )
 from ..runtime._portal import (
     Portal,
@@ -56,6 +60,94 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 log = get_logger()
 
 
+def _is_local_addr(addr: Address) -> bool:
+    '''
+    Determine whether `addr` is reachable on the
+    local host by inspecting address type and
+    comparing hostnames/PIDs.
+
+    - `UDSAddress` is always local (filesystem-bound)
+    - `TCPAddress` is local when its host is a
+      loopback IP or matches one of the machine's
+      own interface addresses.
+
+    '''
+    if isinstance(addr, UDSAddress):
+        return True
+
+    if isinstance(addr, TCPAddress):
+        try:
+            ip = ipaddress.ip_address(addr._host)
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+        if ip.is_loopback:
+            return True
+
+        # check if this IP belongs to any of our
+        # local network interfaces.
+        try:
+            local_ips: set[str] = {
+                info[4][0]
+                for info in socket.getaddrinfo(
+                    socket.gethostname(),
+                    None,
+                )
+            }
+            return addr._host in local_ips
+        except socket.gaierror:
+            return False
+
+    return False
+
+
+def prefer_addr(
+    addrs: list[UnwrappedAddress],
+) -> UnwrappedAddress:
+    '''
+    Select the "best" transport address from a
+    multihomed actor's address list based on
+    locality heuristics.
+
+    Preference order (highest -> lowest):
+    1. UDS (same-host guaranteed, lowest overhead)
+    2. TCP loopback / same-host IP
+    3. TCP remote (only option for distributed)
+
+    When multiple addrs share the same priority
+    tier, the last-registered (latest) entry is
+    preferred.
+
+    '''
+    if len(addrs) == 1:
+        return addrs[0]
+
+    local_uds: list[UnwrappedAddress] = []
+    local_tcp: list[UnwrappedAddress] = []
+    remote: list[UnwrappedAddress] = []
+
+    for unwrapped in addrs:
+        wrapped: Address = wrap_address(unwrapped)
+        if isinstance(wrapped, UDSAddress):
+            local_uds.append(unwrapped)
+        elif _is_local_addr(wrapped):
+            local_tcp.append(unwrapped)
+        else:
+            remote.append(unwrapped)
+
+    # prefer UDS > local TCP > remote TCP;
+    # within each tier take the latest entry.
+    if local_uds:
+        return local_uds[-1]
+    if local_tcp:
+        return local_tcp[-1]
+    if remote:
+        return remote[-1]
+
+    # fallback: last registered addr
+    return addrs[-1]
+
+
 @acm
 async def get_registry(
     addr: UnwrappedAddress|None = None,
@@ -187,13 +279,17 @@ async def query_actor(
     reg_portal: Portal|LocalPortal
     regaddr: Address = wrap_address(regaddr) or actor.reg_addrs[0]
     async with get_registry(regaddr) as reg_portal:
-        # TODO: return portals to all available actors - for now
-        # just the last one that registered
-        addr: UnwrappedAddress = await reg_portal.run_from_ns(
-            'self',
-            'find_actor',
-            name=name,
+        addrs: list[UnwrappedAddress]|None = (
+            await reg_portal.run_from_ns(
+                'self',
+                'find_actor',
+                name=name,
+            )
         )
+        if addrs:
+            addr: UnwrappedAddress = prefer_addr(addrs)
+        else:
+            addr = None
         yield addr, reg_portal
 
 @acm
@@ -370,9 +466,9 @@ async def wait_for_actor(
             name=name,
         )
 
-        # get latest registered addr by default?
-        # TODO: offer multi-portal yields in multi-homed case?
-        addr: UnwrappedAddress = addrs[-1]
+        # select the best transport addr from
+        # the (possibly multihomed) addr list.
+        addr: UnwrappedAddress = prefer_addr(addrs)
 
         async with _connect_chan(addr) as chan:
             async with open_portal(chan) as portal:
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_registry.py b/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
index 8d29f2be..dd235753 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
         self,
         name: str,
 
-    ) -> UnwrappedAddress|None:
+    ) -> list[UnwrappedAddress]|None:
 
         for uid, addrs in self._registry.items():
             if name in uid:
-                return addrs[0] if addrs else None
+                return addrs if addrs else None
 
         return None
 

From 86d4e0d3edf82ab4693c14fcc921a85daa529f83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 13:57:01 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 22/31] Harden `sig_prog()` retries, adjust debugger test
 timeouts

Retry signal delivery in `sig_prog()` up to `tries`
times (default 3) w/ `canc_timeout` sleep between
attempts; only fall back to `_KILL_SIGNAL` after all
retries exhaust. Bump default timeout 0.1 -> 0.2.

Also,
- `test_multi_nested_subactors_error_through_nurseries`
  gives the first prompt iteration a 5s timeout even
  on linux bc the initial crash sequence can be slow
  to arrive at a `pdb` prompt

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/conftest.py           | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 tests/devx/test_debugger.py | 27 +++++++++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 54efb945..1fad2255 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -199,15 +199,40 @@ def ci_env() -> bool:
 def sig_prog(
     proc: subprocess.Popen,
     sig: int,
-    canc_timeout: float = 0.1,
+    canc_timeout: float = 0.2,
+    tries: int = 3,
 ) -> int:
-    "Kill the actor-process with ``sig``."
-    proc.send_signal(sig)
-    time.sleep(canc_timeout)
-    if not proc.poll():
+    '''
+    Kill the actor-process with `sig`.
+
+    Prefer to kill with the provided signal and
+    failing a `canc_timeout`, send a `SIKILL`-like
+    to ensure termination.
+
+    '''
+    for i in range(tries):
+        proc.send_signal(sig)
+        if not proc.poll():
+            print(
+                f'WARNING, proc still alive after,\n'
+                f'canc_timeout={canc_timeout!r}\n'
+                f'sig={sig!r}\n'
+                f'\n'
+                f'{proc.args!r}\n'
+            )
+            time.sleep(canc_timeout)
+    else:
         # TODO: why sometimes does SIGINT not work on teardown?
         # seems to happen only when trace logging enabled?
-        proc.send_signal(_KILL_SIGNAL)
+        if not proc.poll():
+            breakpoint()
+            print(
+                f'XXX WARNING KILLING PROG WITH SIGINT XXX\n'
+                f'canc_timeout={canc_timeout!r}\n'
+                f'{proc.args!r}\n'
+            )
+            proc.send_signal(_KILL_SIGNAL)
+
     ret: int = proc.wait()
     assert ret
 
diff --git a/tests/devx/test_debugger.py b/tests/devx/test_debugger.py
index e6e40b51..d5fd759b 100644
--- a/tests/devx/test_debugger.py
+++ b/tests/devx/test_debugger.py
@@ -785,17 +785,28 @@ def test_multi_nested_subactors_error_through_nurseries(
 
     # timed_out_early: bool = False
 
-    for send_char in itertools.cycle(['c', 'q']):
+    for (
+        i,
+        send_char,
+    ) in enumerate(itertools.cycle(['c', 'q'])):
+
+        timeout: float = -1
+        if (
+            _non_linux
+            and
+            ci_env
+        ):
+            timeout: float = 6
+
+        # XXX linux but the first crash sequence
+        # can take longer to arrive at a prompt.
+        elif i == 0:
+            timeout = 5
+
         try:
             child.expect(
                 PROMPT,
-                timeout=(
-                    6 if (
-                        _non_linux
-                        and
-                        ci_env
-                    ) else -1
-                ),
+                timeout=timeout,
             )
             child.sendline(send_char)
             time.sleep(0.01)

From 75b07c4b7c4bf90043e2960f02f4c003be34938c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 14:25:39 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 23/31] Show trailing bindspace-path-div in `repr(UDSAddress)`

---
 tractor/ipc/_uds.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tractor/ipc/_uds.py b/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
index 51f21353..45100f97 100644
--- a/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
+++ b/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ class UDSAddress(
             pid: str = '<unknown-peer-pid>'
 
         body: str = (
-            f'({self.filedir}, {self.filename}, {pid})'
+            f'({self.filedir}/, {self.filename}, {pid})'
         )
         return (
             f'{type(self).__name__}'

From 7b04b2cdfcf592f5eea3c13f78584a5256efeea2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:08:22 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 24/31] Reuse `_parent_chan` to unregister from
 parent-registrar

When the parent actor IS the registrar, reuse the existing parent
channel for `unregister_actor` RPC instead of opening a new connection
via `get_registry()`. This avoids failures when the registrar's listener
socket is already closed during teardown (e.g. UDS transport unlinks the
socket file rapidly).

Deats,
- detect `parent_is_reg` by comparing `_parent_chan.raddr` against
  `reg_addrs` and if matched, create a `Portal(rent_chan)` directly
  instead of `async with get_registry()`.
- rename `failed` -> `failed_unreg` for clarity.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/runtime/_runtime.py | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
index 210d489c..7cf20ec2 100644
--- a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
+++ b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
@@ -1845,27 +1845,61 @@ async def async_main(
             and
             not actor.is_registrar
         ):
-            failed: bool = False
+            failed_unreg: bool = False
+            rent_chan: Channel|None = actor._parent_chan
+
+            # XXX check if the parent IS the registrar so we can
+            # reuse the existing channel (avoids opening a new
+            # connection which fails when the listener socket is
+            # already closed, e.g. UDS transport unlinks the socket
+            # file during teardown).
+            parent_is_reg: bool = False
+            if (
+                rent_chan is not None
+                and
+                rent_chan.connected()
+            ):
+                pchan_raddr: Address|None = rent_chan.raddr
+                if pchan_raddr is not None:
+                    reg_addr: Address
+                    for reg_addr in actor.reg_addrs:
+                        if (
+                            pchan_raddr.unwrap()
+                            ==
+                            tuple(reg_addr)
+                        ):
+                            parent_is_reg = True
+                            break
+
             for addr in actor.reg_addrs:
                 waddr = wrap_address(addr)
                 assert waddr.is_valid
                 with trio.move_on_after(0.5) as cs:
                     cs.shield = True
                     try:
-                        async with get_registry(
-                            addr,
-                        ) as reg_portal:
+                        if parent_is_reg:
+                            reg_portal = Portal(rent_chan)
                             await reg_portal.run_from_ns(
                                 'self',
                                 'unregister_actor',
                                 uid=actor.aid.uid,
                             )
+                        else:
+                            async with get_registry(
+                                addr,
+                            ) as reg_portal:
+                                await reg_portal.run_from_ns(
+                                    'self',
+                                    'unregister_actor',
+                                    uid=actor.aid.uid,
+                                )
                     except OSError:
-                        failed = True
-                if cs.cancelled_caught:
-                    failed = True
+                        failed_unreg = True
 
-                if failed:
+                if cs.cancelled_caught:
+                    failed_unreg = True
+
+                if failed_unreg:
                     teardown_report += (
                         f'-> Failed to unregister {actor.name} from '
                         f'registar @ {addr}\n'

From cd287c7e93380558ab67e9b516ff7533e17893b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:16:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 25/31] Fix `test_registrar_merge_binds_union` for UDS
 collision

`get_random()` can produce the same UDS filename for a given
pid+actor-state, so the "disjoint addrs" premise doesn't always hold.
Gate the `len(bound) >= 2` assertion on whether the registry and bind
addrs actually differ via `expect_disjoint`.

Also,
- drop unused `partial` import

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py | 16 ++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py b/tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py
index 61baecda..ae3b3437 100644
--- a/tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py
+++ b/tests/discovery/test_tpt_bind_addrs.py
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ bind-address selection in `_root.py`:
 3. Explicit bind given -> wraps via `wrap_address()` and uses them
 
 '''
-from functools import partial
-
 import pytest
 import trio
 import tractor
@@ -283,6 +281,15 @@ def test_registrar_merge_binds_union(
     )
     bind_addrs = [rando.unwrap()]
 
+    # NOTE: for UDS, `get_random()` produces the same
+    # filename for the same pid+actor-state, so the
+    # "disjoint" premise only holds when the addrs
+    # actually differ (always true for TCP, may
+    # collide for UDS).
+    expect_disjoint: bool = (
+        tuple(reg_addr) != rando.unwrap()
+    )
+
     async def _main():
         async with tractor.open_root_actor(
             registry_addrs=[reg_addr],
@@ -295,8 +302,9 @@ def test_registrar_merge_binds_union(
             bound = actor.accept_addrs
             bound_w = _bound_wrapped(actor)
 
-            # must have at least 2 (registry + bind)
-            assert len(bound) >= 2
+            if expect_disjoint:
+                # must have at least 2 (registry + bind)
+                assert len(bound) >= 2
 
             # registry addr must appear in bound set
             assert reg_wrapped in bound_w

From 70dc60a199ff5bbd476ffa1d6b9e7fe6251efe39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:32:04 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 26/31] Bump UDS `listen()` backlog 1 -> 128 for multi-actor
 unreg

A backlog of 1 caused `ECONNREFUSED` when multiple
sub-actors simultaneously connect to deregister from
a remote-daemon registrar. Now matches the TCP
transport's default backlog (~128).

Also,
- add cross-ref comments between
  `_uds.close_listener()` and `async_main()`'s
  `parent_is_reg` deregistration path explaining
  the UDS socket-file lifecycle

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/ipc/_uds.py         | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 tractor/runtime/_runtime.py | 16 +++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tractor/ipc/_uds.py b/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
index 45100f97..3b214f6a 100644
--- a/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
+++ b/tractor/ipc/_uds.py
@@ -300,7 +300,23 @@ async def start_listener(
     ):
         await sock.bind(str(bindpath))
 
-    sock.listen(1)
+    # NOTE, the backlog must be large enough to handle
+    # concurrent connection attempts during actor teardown.
+    # Previously this was `listen(1)` which caused
+    # deregistration failures in the remote-daemon registrar
+    # case: when multiple sub-actors simultaneously try to
+    # connect to deregister, a backlog of 1 overflows and
+    # connections get ECONNREFUSED. This matches the TCP
+    # transport which uses `trio.open_tcp_listeners()` with
+    # a default backlog of ~128.
+    #
+    # For details see the `close_listener()` below which
+    # `os.unlink()`s the socket file on teardown — meaning
+    # any NEW connection attempts after that point will fail
+    # with `FileNotFoundError` regardless of backlog size.
+    # The backlog only matters while the listener is alive
+    # and accepting.
+    sock.listen(128)
     log.info(
         f'Listening on UDS socket\n'
         f'[>\n'
@@ -316,6 +332,16 @@ def close_listener(
     '''
     Close and remove the listening unix socket's path.
 
+    NOTE, the `os.unlink()` here removes the socket file from
+    the filesystem immediately, which means any subsequent
+    connection attempts (e.g. sub-actors trying to deregister
+    with a registrar whose listener is tearing down) will fail
+    with `FileNotFoundError`. For the local-registrar case
+    (parent IS the registrar), `_runtime.async_main()` works
+    around this by reusing the existing `_parent_chan` instead
+    of opening a new connection; see the `parent_is_reg` logic
+    in the deregistration path.
+
     '''
     lstnr.socket.close()
     os.unlink(addr.sockpath)
diff --git a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
index 7cf20ec2..6381c840 100644
--- a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
+++ b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
@@ -1848,11 +1848,17 @@ async def async_main(
             failed_unreg: bool = False
             rent_chan: Channel|None = actor._parent_chan
 
-            # XXX check if the parent IS the registrar so we can
-            # reuse the existing channel (avoids opening a new
-            # connection which fails when the listener socket is
-            # already closed, e.g. UDS transport unlinks the socket
-            # file during teardown).
+            # XXX check if the parent IS the registrar so we
+            # can reuse the existing `_parent_chan` (avoids
+            # opening a new connection which fails when the
+            # listener socket is already closed, e.g. UDS
+            # transport `os.unlink()`s the socket file during
+            # teardown).
+            #
+            # See `ipc._uds.close_listener()` for details on
+            # the UDS socket-file lifecycle and why this
+            # optimization is necessary for the local-registrar
+            # case.
             parent_is_reg: bool = False
             if (
                 rent_chan is not None

From 8817032c9099a43d0d9cfa41da6822a121c53a43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 16:51:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 27/31] Prefer fresh conn for unreg, fallback to `_parent_chan`
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The prior approach eagerly reused `_parent_chan` when
parent IS the registrar, but that channel may still
carry ctx/stream teardown protocol traffic —
concurrent `unregister_actor` RPC causes protocol
conflicts. Now try a fresh `get_registry()` conn
first; only fall back to the parent channel on
`OSError` (listener already closed/unlinked).

Deats,
- fresh `get_registry()` is the primary path for
  all addrs regardless of `parent_is_reg`
- `OSError` handler checks `parent_is_reg` +
  `rent_chan.connected()` before fallback
- fallback catches `OSError` and
  `trio.ClosedResourceError` separately
- drop unused `reg_addr: Address` annotation

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tractor/runtime/_runtime.py | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
index 6381c840..6ff669a7 100644
--- a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
+++ b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
@@ -1848,17 +1848,21 @@ async def async_main(
             failed_unreg: bool = False
             rent_chan: Channel|None = actor._parent_chan
 
-            # XXX check if the parent IS the registrar so we
-            # can reuse the existing `_parent_chan` (avoids
-            # opening a new connection which fails when the
-            # listener socket is already closed, e.g. UDS
-            # transport `os.unlink()`s the socket file during
-            # teardown).
+            # XXX, detect whether the parent IS the registrar
+            # so we can FALL BACK to `_parent_chan` when a new
+            # connection attempt fails (e.g. UDS transport
+            # `os.unlink()`s the socket file during teardown).
+            #
+            # IMPORTANT: we do NOT eagerly reuse `_parent_chan`
+            # because it may still be carrying context/stream
+            # teardown protocol traffic — sending an
+            # `unregister_actor` RPC over it concurrently
+            # causes protocol-level conflicts. Instead we try
+            # a fresh `get_registry()` connection first and
+            # only fall back to the parent channel on failure.
             #
             # See `ipc._uds.close_listener()` for details on
-            # the UDS socket-file lifecycle and why this
-            # optimization is necessary for the local-registrar
-            # case.
+            # the UDS socket-file lifecycle.
             parent_is_reg: bool = False
             if (
                 rent_chan is not None
@@ -1867,7 +1871,6 @@ async def async_main(
             ):
                 pchan_raddr: Address|None = rent_chan.raddr
                 if pchan_raddr is not None:
-                    reg_addr: Address
                     for reg_addr in actor.reg_addrs:
                         if (
                             pchan_raddr.unwrap()
@@ -1883,24 +1886,39 @@ async def async_main(
                 with trio.move_on_after(0.5) as cs:
                     cs.shield = True
                     try:
-                        if parent_is_reg:
-                            reg_portal = Portal(rent_chan)
+                        async with get_registry(
+                            addr,
+                        ) as reg_portal:
                             await reg_portal.run_from_ns(
                                 'self',
                                 'unregister_actor',
                                 uid=actor.aid.uid,
                             )
-                        else:
-                            async with get_registry(
-                                addr,
-                            ) as reg_portal:
+                    except OSError:
+                        # Connection to registrar failed
+                        # (listener socket likely already
+                        # closed/unlinked). Fall back to
+                        # parent channel if parent IS the
+                        # registrar.
+                        if (
+                            parent_is_reg
+                            and
+                            rent_chan.connected()
+                        ):
+                            try:
+                                reg_portal = Portal(rent_chan)
                                 await reg_portal.run_from_ns(
                                     'self',
                                     'unregister_actor',
                                     uid=actor.aid.uid,
                                 )
-                    except OSError:
-                        failed_unreg = True
+                            except (
+                                OSError,
+                                trio.ClosedResourceError,
+                            ):
+                                failed_unreg = True
+                        else:
+                            failed_unreg = True
 
                 if cs.cancelled_caught:
                     failed_unreg = True

From ed65301d32dabcec8a18e55825ec008b21b7eda2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 18:32:55 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 28/31] Fix misc bugs caught by Copilot review

Deats,
- use `proc.poll() is None` in `sig_prog()` to
  distinguish "still running" from exit code 0;
  drop stale `breakpoint()` from fallback kill
  path (would hang CI).
- add missing `raise` on the `RuntimeError` in
  `async_main()` when no tpt bind addrs given.
- clean up stale uid entries from the registrar
  `_registry` when addr eviction empties the
  addr list.
- update `discovery.__init__` docstring to match
  the new eager `._multiaddr` import.
- fix `registar` -> `registrar` typo in teardown
  report log msg.

Review: PR #429 (Copilot)
https://github.com/goodboy/tractor/pull/429

(this patch was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/conftest.py              | 5 ++---
 tractor/discovery/__init__.py  | 9 +++++----
 tractor/discovery/_registry.py | 2 ++
 tractor/runtime/_runtime.py    | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 1fad2255..c7b20531 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ def sig_prog(
     '''
     for i in range(tries):
         proc.send_signal(sig)
-        if not proc.poll():
+        if proc.poll() is None:
             print(
                 f'WARNING, proc still alive after,\n'
                 f'canc_timeout={canc_timeout!r}\n'
@@ -224,8 +224,7 @@ def sig_prog(
     else:
         # TODO: why sometimes does SIGINT not work on teardown?
         # seems to happen only when trace logging enabled?
-        if not proc.poll():
-            breakpoint()
+        if proc.poll() is None:
             print(
                 f'XXX WARNING KILLING PROG WITH SIGINT XXX\n'
                 f'canc_timeout={canc_timeout!r}\n'
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/__init__.py b/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
index 93c19e62..1ac8415d 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/__init__.py
@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@
 Discovery (protocols) API for automatic addressing
 and location management of (service) actors.
 
-NOTE: to avoid circular imports, this ``__init__``
-does NOT eagerly import submodules. Use direct
-module paths like ``tractor.discovery._addr`` or
-``tractor.discovery._api`` instead.
+NOTE: this ``__init__`` only eagerly imports the
+``._multiaddr`` submodule (for public re-exports).
+Heavier submodules like ``._addr`` and ``._api``
+are NOT imported here to avoid circular imports;
+use direct module paths for those.
 
 '''
 from ._multiaddr import (
diff --git a/tractor/discovery/_registry.py b/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
index dd235753..7cedb391 100644
--- a/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
+++ b/tractor/discovery/_registry.py
@@ -196,6 +196,8 @@ class Registrar(Actor):
                 and addr_tup in other_addrs
             ):
                 other_addrs.remove(addr_tup)
+                if not other_addrs:
+                    del self._registry[other_uid]
                 break
 
         # Append to this uid's addr list (avoid duplicates)
diff --git a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
index 6ff669a7..bee9e20d 100644
--- a/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
+++ b/tractor/runtime/_runtime.py
@@ -1567,7 +1567,7 @@ async def async_main(
         # XXX, either passed in by caller or delivered
         # in post spawn-spec handshake for subs.
         if not accept_addrs:
-            RuntimeError(
+            raise RuntimeError(
                 f'No tpt bind addresses provided to actor!?\n'
                 f'parent_addr={parent_addr!r}\n'
                 f'accept_addrs={accept_addrs!r}\n'
@@ -1926,7 +1926,7 @@ async def async_main(
                 if failed_unreg:
                     teardown_report += (
                         f'-> Failed to unregister {actor.name} from '
-                        f'registar @ {addr}\n'
+                        f'registrar @ {addr}\n'
                     )
 
         # Ensure all peers (actors connected to us as clients) are finished

From 3152f423d8c65964825d874b505820ced00b0b0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 17:44:14 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 29/31] Condense `.raw.md` prompt-IO logs, add `diff_cmd` refs

Replace verbose inline code dumps in `.raw.md`
entries with terse summaries and `git diff`
cmd references. Add `diff_cmd` metadata to each
entry's YAML frontmatter so readers can reproduce
the actual output diff.

Also,
- rename `multiaddr_declare_eps.md_` -> `.md`
  (drop trailing `_` suffix)

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 .../20260406T222648Z_f086222_prompt_io.raw.md |   1 +
 ...20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md | 195 +-----------------
 ...20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md |  32 +--
 ...clare_eps.md_ => multiaddr_declare_eps.md} |   0
 4 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 201 deletions(-)
 rename ai/prompt-io/prompts/{multiaddr_declare_eps.md_ => multiaddr_declare_eps.md} (100%)

diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260406T222648Z_f086222_prompt_io.raw.md b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260406T222648Z_f086222_prompt_io.raw.md
index 95edeedf..9a973ee8 100644
--- a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260406T222648Z_f086222_prompt_io.raw.md
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260406T222648Z_f086222_prompt_io.raw.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ model: claude-opus-4-6
 service: claude
 timestamp: 2026-04-06T22:26:48Z
 git_ref: f086222
+diff_cmd: git diff f086222~1..f086222
 ---
 
 Here's the problem. The per-key locking doesn't fix this race because the **lock lifetime is decoupled from `run_ctx`'s lifetime**. Trace through what happens:
diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md
index 71aff348..19cd7837 100644
--- a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260413T205048Z_269d939c_prompt_io.raw.md
@@ -3,200 +3,25 @@ model: claude-opus-4-6
 service: claude
 timestamp: 2026-04-13T20:50:48Z
 git_ref: 269d939c
+diff_cmd: git diff 269d939c~1..269d939c
 ---
 
 ## Implementation output
 
-### `tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py` — appended after line 133
+### `tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py`
 
-```python
-# type aliases for service-endpoint config tables
-#
-# input table: actor/service name -> list of maddr strings
-# or raw unwrapped-address tuples (as accepted by
-# `wrap_address()`).
-EndpointsTable = dict[
-    str,                    # actor/service name
-    list[str|tuple],        # maddr strs or UnwrappedAddress
-]
+> `git diff 269d939c~1..269d939c -- tractor/discovery/_multiaddr.py`
 
-# output table: actor/service name -> list of wrapped
-# `Address` instances ready for transport binding.
-ParsedEndpoints = dict[
-    str,                    # actor/service name
-    list['Address'],
-]
+Type aliases `EndpointsTable` and `ParsedEndpoints`
+plus `parse_endpoints()` helper that wraps each
+entry via `wrap_address()`.
 
+### `tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py`
 
-def parse_endpoints(
-    service_table: EndpointsTable,
-) -> ParsedEndpoints:
-    '''
-    Parse a service-endpoint config table into wrapped
-    `Address` instances suitable for transport binding.
+> `git diff 269d939c~1..269d939c -- tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py`
 
-    Each key is an actor/service name and each value is
-    a list of addresses in any format accepted by
-    `wrap_address()`:
-
-    - multiaddr strings: ``'/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1616'``
-    - UDS multiaddr strings using the **multiaddr spec
-      name** ``/unix/...`` (NOT the tractor-internal
-      ``/uds/`` proto_key)
-    - raw unwrapped tuples: ``('127.0.0.1', 1616)``
-    - pre-wrapped `Address` objects (passed through)
-
-    Returns a new `dict` with the same keys, where each
-    value list contains the corresponding `Address`
-    instances.
-
-    Raises `ValueError` for unsupported multiaddr
-    protocols (e.g. ``/udp/``).
-
-    '''
-    from tractor.discovery._addr import wrap_address
-
-    parsed: ParsedEndpoints = {}
-    for (
-        actor_name,
-        addr_entries,
-    ) in service_table.items():
-        parsed[actor_name] = [
-            wrap_address(entry)
-            for entry in addr_entries
-        ]
-    return parsed
-```
-
-### `tests/discovery/test_multiaddr.py` — appended after line 252
-
-Added import of `parse_endpoints` to existing import block, then
-7 new test functions:
-
-```python
-# ------ parse_endpoints() tests ------
-
-def test_parse_endpoints_tcp_only():
-    '''
-    `parse_endpoints()` with a single TCP maddr per actor
-    produce the correct `TCPAddress` instances.
-
-    '''
-    table = {
-        'registry': ['/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/1616'],
-        'data_feed': ['/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/5555'],
-    }
-    result = parse_endpoints(table)
-
-    assert set(result.keys()) == {'registry', 'data_feed'}
-
-    reg_addr = result['registry'][0]
-    assert isinstance(reg_addr, TCPAddress)
-    assert reg_addr.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 1616)
-
-    feed_addr = result['data_feed'][0]
-    assert isinstance(feed_addr, TCPAddress)
-    assert feed_addr.unwrap() == ('0.0.0.0', 5555)
-
-
-def test_parse_endpoints_mixed_tpts():
-    '''
-    `parse_endpoints()` with both TCP and UDS maddrs for
-    the same actor produce the correct mixed `Address` list.
-
-    '''
-    table = {
-        'broker': [
-            '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4040',
-            '/unix/tmp/tractor/broker.sock',
-        ],
-    }
-    result = parse_endpoints(table)
-    addrs = result['broker']
-
-    assert len(addrs) == 2
-    assert isinstance(addrs[0], TCPAddress)
-    assert addrs[0].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 4040)
-
-    assert isinstance(addrs[1], UDSAddress)
-    filedir, filename = addrs[1].unwrap()
-    assert filename == 'broker.sock'
-    assert str(filedir) == '/tmp/tractor'
-
-
-def test_parse_endpoints_unwrapped_tuples():
-    '''
-    `parse_endpoints()` accept raw `(host, port)` tuples
-    and wrap them as `TCPAddress`.
-
-    '''
-    table = {
-        'ems': [('127.0.0.1', 6666)],
-    }
-    result = parse_endpoints(table)
-
-    addr = result['ems'][0]
-    assert isinstance(addr, TCPAddress)
-    assert addr.unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 6666)
-
-
-def test_parse_endpoints_mixed_str_and_tuple():
-    '''
-    `parse_endpoints()` accept a mix of maddr strings and
-    raw tuples in the same actor entry list.
-
-    '''
-    table = {
-        'quoter': [
-            '/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/7777',
-            ('127.0.0.1', 8888),
-        ],
-    }
-    result = parse_endpoints(table)
-    addrs = result['quoter']
-
-    assert len(addrs) == 2
-    assert isinstance(addrs[0], TCPAddress)
-    assert addrs[0].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 7777)
-
-    assert isinstance(addrs[1], TCPAddress)
-    assert addrs[1].unwrap() == ('127.0.0.1', 8888)
-
-
-def test_parse_endpoints_unsupported_proto():
-    '''
-    `parse_endpoints()` raise `ValueError` when a maddr
-    string uses an unsupported protocol like `/udp/`.
-
-    '''
-    table = {
-        'bad_actor': ['/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/9999'],
-    }
-    with pytest.raises(
-        ValueError,
-        match='Unsupported multiaddr protocol combo',
-    ):
-        parse_endpoints(table)
-
-
-def test_parse_endpoints_empty_table():
-    '''
-    `parse_endpoints()` on an empty table return an empty
-    dict.
-
-    '''
-    assert parse_endpoints({}) == {}
-
-
-def test_parse_endpoints_empty_actor_list():
-    '''
-    `parse_endpoints()` with an actor mapped to an empty
-    list preserve the key with an empty list value.
-
-    '''
-    result = parse_endpoints({'x': []})
-    assert result == {'x': []}
-```
+Add import of `parse_endpoints` to existing import
+block, then 7 new test functions.
 
 ### Test run output
 
diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md
index a879ab28..b732e250 100644
--- a/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md
+++ b/ai/prompt-io/claude/20260414T163300Z_befedc49_prompt_io.raw.md
@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@ model: claude-opus-4-6
 service: claude
 timestamp: 2026-04-14T16:33:00Z
 git_ref: befedc49
+diff_cmd: git diff befedc49~1..befedc49
 ---
 
-### Add a `prefer_addr()` helper
+### `tractor/discovery/_api.py`
 
-Added transport preference selection to
-`tractor/discovery/_api.py` with two new functions:
+> `git diff befedc49~1..befedc49 -- tractor/discovery/_api.py`
+
+Add `_is_local_addr()` and `prefer_addr()` transport
+preference helpers.
 
 #### `_is_local_addr(addr: Address) -> bool`
 
@@ -38,21 +41,18 @@ Within each tier, the last-registered (latest) entry
 is preferred. Falls back to `addrs[-1]` if no
 heuristic matches.
 
+### `tractor/discovery/_registry.py`
+
+> `git diff befedc49~1..befedc49 -- tractor/discovery/_registry.py`
+
+`Registrar.find_actor()` return type broadened from
+single addr to `list[UnwrappedAddress]|None` — full
+addr list lets callers apply transport preference.
+
 #### Integration
 
-- `Registrar.find_actor()` in `_registry.py`: changed
-  return type from `UnwrappedAddress|None` to
-  `list[UnwrappedAddress]|None` — returns the full
-  addr list so callers can apply transport preference.
-
-- `query_actor()` in `_api.py`: now calls
-  `prefer_addr(addrs)` on the list returned by
-  `Registrar.find_actor()` instead of receiving a
-  single pre-selected addr.
-
-- `wait_for_actor()` in `_api.py`: replaced
-  `addrs[-1]` with `prefer_addr(addrs)` for
-  consistent transport selection.
+`query_actor()` and `wait_for_actor()` now call
+`prefer_addr(addrs)` instead of `addrs[-1]`.
 
 ### Verification
 
diff --git a/ai/prompt-io/prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md_ b/ai/prompt-io/prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md
similarity index 100%
rename from ai/prompt-io/prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md_
rename to ai/prompt-io/prompts/multiaddr_declare_eps.md

From 7c8e5a67328f951f629f9ba0dc31e19692b206fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 17:45:38 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 30/31] Drop `snippets/multiaddr_ex.py` scratch script

Since we no longer need the example after integrating `multiaddr` into
the `.discovery` subsys.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 snippets/multiaddr_ex.py | 13 -------------
 1 file changed, 13 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 snippets/multiaddr_ex.py

diff --git a/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py b/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e1bb2f8..00000000
--- a/snippets/multiaddr_ex.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-from pathlib import Path
-from multiaddr import Multiaddr
-
-# construct from a string
-m1 = Multiaddr("/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234")
-m2 =  Multiaddr("/unix/run/user/1000/sway-ipc.1000.1557.sock")
-for key in m1.protocols():
-    key
-    
-uds_sock_path = Path(m2.values()[0])
-uds_sock_path
-uds_sock_path.is_file()
-uds_sock_path.is_socket()

From 3867403fabb4b1e85f4c477d377f037b32df45cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: goodboy <goodboy_foss@protonmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 20:03:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 31/31] Scale `test_open_local_sub_to_stream` timeout by CPU
 factor

Import and apply `cpu_scaling_factor()` from
`conftest`; bump base from 3.6 -> 4 and multiply
through so CI boxes with slow CPUs don't flake.

(this commit msg was generated in some part by [`claude-code`][claude-code-gh])
[claude-code-gh]: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code
---
 tests/test_resource_cache.py | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_resource_cache.py b/tests/test_resource_cache.py
index 29876539..4902fb7a 100644
--- a/tests/test_resource_cache.py
+++ b/tests/test_resource_cache.py
@@ -213,9 +213,12 @@ def test_open_local_sub_to_stream(
     N local tasks using `trionics.maybe_open_context()`.
 
     '''
-    timeout: float = 3.6
-    if platform.system() == "Windows":
-        timeout: float = 10
+    from .conftest import cpu_scaling_factor
+    timeout: float = (
+        4
+        if not platform.system() == "Windows"
+        else 10
+    ) * cpu_scaling_factor()
 
     if debug_mode:
         timeout = 999